China Shenzhen Perfect Precision Product Co., Ltd. company news

From the 1950s to now, injection molding has dominated the consumer goods manufacturing industry, bringing us everything from action figures to denture containers. Although injection molding is incredibly versatile, it does have some design limitations. The basic injection molding process is to heat and pressurize plastic particles until they flow into the mold cavity; Cooling the mold; Open the mold; Eject parts; Then close the mold. Repetitions and repetitions, usually one plastic manufacturing run 10000 times, and one million times during the life of the mold. It is not easy to produce hundreds of thousands of parts, but there are some changes in the design of plastic parts, the simplest of which is to pay attention to the wall thickness of the design. Wall thickness limit of injection molding If you take apart any plastic appliances around the house, you will notice that the wall thickness of most parts is about 1mm to 4mm (the best thickness for molding), and the wall thickness of the whole part is uniform. Why? There are two reasons. First of all, the thinner wall has a faster cooling speed, which shortens the cycle time of the mold and the time required to manufacture each part. If the plastic part can cool faster after the mold is filled, it can be safely pushed out faster without warping, and because the time cost on the injection molding machine is high, the production cost of the part is low. The second reason is uniformity: in the cooling cycle, the outer surface of the plastic part cools first. Shrinkage due to cooling; If the part has uniform thickness, the whole part will shrink from the mold evenly when cooling, and the part will be taken out smoothly. However, if the thick section and thin section of the part are adjacent, the melting center of the thicker area will continue to cool and shrink after the thinner area and surface have solidified. As this thick area continues to cool, it shrinks, and it can only pull material from the surface. The result is that there is a small dent on the surface of the part, which is called shrinkage mark. Shrinkage marks only indicate that the engineering design of hidden areas is poor, but on decorative surfaces, they may require tens of thousands of yuan of reinstallation costs. How do you know whether these "thick wall" problems exist in the injection molding process of your parts? Solution of thick wall Fortunately, thick walls have some simple solutions. The first thing to do is to pay attention to the problem area. In the following section, you can see two common problems: the thickness around the screw hole and the thickness in the part that requires strength. For screw holes in injection molded parts, the solution is to use a "screw boss": a small cylinder of material directly surrounding the screw hole, connected to the rest of the shell with a stiffener or material flange. This allows for more uniform wall thickness and fewer shrinkage marks. When an area of a part needs to be particularly strong, but the wall is too thick, the solution is also simple: reinforcement. Instead of making the whole part thicker and difficult to cool, it is better to thin the outer surface into a shell, and then add vertical material ribs inside to improve strength and stiffness. In addition to being easier to shape, this also reduces the amount of materials required and costs. Once you have made these changes, you can use the DFM tool again to check that the changes have resolved the problem. Of course, when everything is settled, before continuing to manufacture, prototype parts can be made in 3D printers to test them.

Deciding which manufacturing process to choose may be difficult; There are many different factors to consider. You can start with the die-casting process, because it can provide the quantity you need and meet the tolerance you need. However, next you may need to change a different manufacturing process. This can happen if the requirements for parts change, or your lead time or quality needs change. When to choose CNC machining instead of casting If you start from die casting, why do you choose to redesign your parts and use CNC machining instead? Although casting is more cost-effective for high quantities of parts, CNC machining is the best choice for low to medium quantities of parts. CNC processing can better meet the tight delivery cycle, because there is no need to manufacture the mold, time or cost in advance during the processing. In addition, in any case, die-casting usually requires machining as an auxiliary operation. Post machining is used to achieve certain surface finishes, drill and tap holes, and to meet strict tolerances for cast parts that mate with other parts in the assembly. And the post-processing needs customized fixture, which is very complex in itself. CNC processing can also produce higher quality parts. You can be more confident that each part will be manufactured consistently within your tolerance requirements. CNC processing is naturally a more accurate manufacturing process, and there is no risk of defects occurring in the casting process, such as porosity, depression and improper filling. In addition, casting complex geometry requires more complex molds, as well as additional components such as cores, sliders, or inserts. All of this adds up to a large amount of investment in cost and time even before production starts. Not only the complex parts are more meaningful for NC machining. For example, CNC machine tools can easily manufacture flat plates by processing stock materials to the required size and thickness. But casting the same metal plate is easy to cause filling, warping or sinking problems. How to transform casting design into CNC machining design If you decide to redesign the part to make it more suitable for CNC machining, several key adjustments are required. You must consider draft angle, groove and cavity, wall thickness, key dimensions and tolerances, and material selection. Remove draft angle If you initially considered casting when designing a part, it should include a draft angle. As with injection molding, the draft angle is very important so that the part can be taken out of the mold after cooling. During machining, the draft angle is unnecessary and should be removed. The design including draft angle requires a ball end milling cutter to process and increase your overall processing time. Additional machine time, additional tools and additional tool change operations mean additional costs - so save some money and give up the draft angle design! Avoid large and deep grooves and hollow cavities Shrinkage cavities and hollow cavities are usually avoided in casting because thicker areas are often poorly filled and may lead to defects such as dents. These same functions take a long time to process, which will produce a lot of waste materials. Moreover, since all the forces are on one side, once the part is released from the fixture, the stress of processing the deep cavity will lead to warping. If grooves are not a key design feature, if you can afford the extra weight, consider filling them, or adding ribs or gussets to prevent warping or deformation. The thicker the wall, the better Again, you need to consider wall thickness. The recommended wall thickness of castings depends on structure, function and material, but is generally relatively thin, ranging from 0.0787 to 0.138 inch (2.0 to 3.5 mm). For very small parts, the wall thickness can even be smaller, but the casting process needs to be fine tuned. On the other hand, CNC machining has no upper limit on wall thickness. In fact, thicker is usually better, because it means less processing and less material waste. In addition, you can avoid any risk of warping or deflection of thin-walled parts during machining. Strict tolerance Casting usually cannot maintain strict tolerances like CNC machining, so you may make concessions or compromises in the casting design. With CNC machining, you can fully realize your design intent and manufacture more accurate parts by eliminating these compromises and implementing stricter tolerances. Consider a wider range of materials Last but not least, CNC machining offers a wider choice of materials than casting. Aluminum is a very common die-casting material. Zinc and magnesium are also commonly used in die casting. Other metals, such as brass, copper and lead, require more special treatment to produce high-quality parts. Carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel are seldom die cast because they are easy to rust. On the other hand, in CNC processing, there are more metals suitable for processing. You can even try to make your parts with plastic, because there are many plastics that can be processed well and have useful material properties.

In the design experience of many people, sometimes they design perfect parts, but they do not know the correct process of manufacturing them. For designers, the more they know about the way things are made, the better they will be at designing new parts. This is why thermoforming can be a huge asset in the toolbox when planning production designs. Thermoforming is sometimes masked by the more common injection molding, which is a unique process and can even provide the opportunity to create detailed geometry. Before we go deep into the basic principles of thermoforming, let's start with the basic principles and see how thermoforming works. Thermoforming basics Hot forming starts with heating and mold. A piece of thermoplastic is heated and stretched on a mold to make a part. Generally, the heat generated by the machine is not enough to completely melt the sheet, but its temperature should be such that the plastic can be easily formed. The mold can be a female mold or a male mold, which is made of a variety of materials, and then the thermoplastic is made into a shape. Once the sheet has cooled on the mold, it can be trimmed to leave the required parts. There are two main types of thermoforming: vacuum thermoforming and pressure thermoforming. Vacuum forming removes the air between the part and the mold to make the material as close to the surface as possible. Pressure molding adds air pressure to the upper surface of the part to push it toward the mold. When selecting materials for thermoforming, various thermoplastics can play a good role. Some of the more common materials include HIPS, PET and ABS, but other materials such as PC, HDPE, PP or PVC can also be used. Sheets of different thicknesses can be formed. When to use thermoforming Immediately, it is easy to compare thermoforming with injection molding because they have some correlation. Injection molding uses molten plastic or rubber and injects it into the cavity, while thermoforming uses flat materials and stretches them into parts. Compared with other processes, size is the biggest advantage of thermoforming, because it can produce larger parts. For example, if you have a very large and uniform thickness part, thermoforming is a potential option. For large molds using injection molding, greater force is required to close them. However, this is not a problem for thermoforming. It is also good at making thin gauge parts. Thermoforming is widely used in the packaging industry. It can easily manufacture disposable cups, containers, lids and trays with high cost efficiency. Thin materials also allow more room for gyration and undercut. Precautions for hot forming Although thermoforming sounds great, there are several things to note when preparing for forming. First, it is important to pay attention to the corners and the changes that may occur during the molding process. Try to maintain the radius at the corners and edges so that these areas do not become thinner during molding. Also consider the depth of the cavity. It cannot exceed a certain limit because the material must be stretched to create each feature. If the stretch is too large, the material will be too thin to form a shape. A certain pullout modulus is also required to ensure that the part can be demoulded from the mold. If one side of the part needs a higher dimensional accuracy than the other, it is important to specify this as early as possible, because the use of male and female dies can help achieve this.

How is the transformation of non-standard hardware parts processing technology formed? Non-standard parts processing is a part of machining and manufacturing; there are two key production and processing methods: one is to fix the milling cutter immobile and produce and process unformed parts steel parts in the process of rotation; the other is to fix the steel parts immobile and move them for precision production and processing according to the high speed of steel parts. Non-standard hardware parts processing process.   1、It is convenient to ensure the precision of each production processing surface of the steel parts. Steel parts in the production and processing process around the fixed centerline rotation, the surface layer rotation centerline is the same, so it is convenient to ensure that the production and processing surface between the parallelism of the provisions.   2, non-standard hardware parts drilling the whole process is relatively stable; in addition to intermittent surface layer, CNC processing of the whole process is generally continuous, unlike cutting and planing, in a tool into the whole process, the side edge has several times to choose and cut out, resulting in impact.   3, non-standard hardware parts are suitable for deep processing of rare metal parts. For some rare metal parts, due to the low strength of raw materials, plastic deformation is good, there is no way to obtain a smooth surface layer with its production processing methods.   4, CNC inserts simple, milling cutter is a very simple CNC inserts. Production, disassembly and installation are very convenient, which is conducive to the use of effective perspective according to the actual production and processing regulations. Non-standard hardware parts processing, to first clarify the parts of the processing process provisions, production and processing of large quantities of steel parts, the formulation of CNC lathe should have the role of advance preparation, the necessary conditions for the effective use of CNC lathe, consider the typical parts of the processing process provisions, typical parts of the processing process provisions are key to the construction specifications of the parts, production and processing scope and precision provisions. The quality of the; therefore, before the production and processing, a good outsourcing production and processing quality assurance agreement is conducive to binding each other's rights and obligations, and provide favorable solutions for future disputes.

In the whole process of parts processing, there will be various requirements and regulations put forward by the user for the parts. So, what are the 5 major specifications for selecting tools when machining metal parts. First, the strength of the selected tool must be hard and the wear resistance must be within a certain specified range; the tool is used for drilling hard parts materials. Only when its strength exceeds that of the raw material can the drilling be successful. The better the abrasion resistance, the lower the cost of the tool.   Second, the choice of tools need to look at the compressive strength and ductility, hardware parts processing in the tool processing will be subject to a lot of interaction; in the case of contact with the workpiece, but also has a special torque stress effect. Therefore, the tool must have compressive strength and ductility to resist this stress, in order to withstand shock vibration and not easy to break.   Third, the tool's temperature resistance is good, because the mechanical parts processing tool and high-speed workpiece contact, will undoubtedly generate a lot of heat. The heat will cause the tool to deform and affect its performance. Only raw materials that can withstand high temperatures can ensure that the processing will not be easily interrupted by tool damage.   Fourth, it should have excellent thermal conductivity. Too much heat during machining will lead to deformation of parts and workpieces, thus endangering machining accuracy. In addition, it can also endanger the performance of the tool. Therefore, the tool material itself must be able to conduct heat quickly and can immediately transfer the heat out to maintain the raw material of the tool itself and the part. Fifth, the workmanship is better, where the workmanship refers not only to the quality, but also to the tool and other characteristics. For example, the performance of the quenching and tempering level, such as the ability to work under forced conditions to resist deformation. There is also the forging performance of the raw material itself in the manufacturing process, etc.

How strict are the requirements for precision parts machining? For precision parts processing is very strict; processing steps include tools, disassembly, etc.; there are specific requirements for size and accuracy, such as plus or minus 1mmμ If the wrong size such as the number of M is too large, it will become scrap, which is equivalent to re-processing, time consuming, destroying all the raw materials after processing, increasing costs, and the parts may not be usable. In the machining of precision parts, the main dimensional requirements are, for example, the diameter of the cylinder, which is a strict requirement; positive and negative parallax only for qualified parts within the specified range, otherwise irrelevant parts; the dimensions also have strict requirements; negative parallax and positive parallax also need to be embedded in the cylinder (for example, very simple basic parts), etc. When the diameter outside the tolerance range is large enough, it cannot be inserted. If a specific diameter is small enough to exceed the negative tolerance limits, insertion looseness and instability problems can occur. These are non-conforming products, and cylinders that are too long or too short in length, beyond the allowable range, are extraneous goods that need to be scrapped or reworked, inevitably leading to increased costs. In fact, mechanical parts processing requirements are the most important dimensional issues, must be processed in strict accordance with the drawings; processing of the specific size is difficult to agree with the basic theoretical dimensions of the drawings; only after processing the size of the tolerance range to meet the standard, so the requirements of precision parts processing is in strict accordance with the basic theoretical dimensions; secondly, precision parts processing machinery and testing equipment, precision production equipment that Processing precision parts easier, higher precision, and stronger actual results. Testing instruments can detect parts that do not meet the requirements, and all goods sent to customers can really meet the requirements.

What are the guidelines for CNC precision parts machining? In the process standard design, the correct selection of positioning data has a crucial impact on ensuring the processing requirements of the part and the reasonable arrangement of the processing sequence.   Positioning datum is divided into fine datum and coarse datum: coarse datum takes the unmachined surface on the blank as the positioning datum. The fine datum takes the machined surface as the positioning datum. I. Guidelines for selecting a fine reference   1. Baseline overlap criterion: The processed surface design data should be selected as accurately as possible to prevent positioning errors caused by data misalignment.   2. Consistent baseline guidelines: To ensure the relative positioning accuracy between the machined surfaces of the part, as many surfaces on the workpiece as possible should be machined using the same set of fine references.   3. Workpiece processing surface benchmark guidelines for each other: the repeated processing method of two processing surfaces can be used as a mutual reference.   4. Since the benchmark guidelines: some surface finishing process requires small and uniform processing tolerances, often processing the surface itself as the accuracy benchmark.   The above-mentioned four criteria for selecting the excellent benchmark is sometimes impossible to meet at the same time, must be decided according to the actual situation. Second, the selection of rough benchmark guidelines   1. The first time the workpiece processing should use the coarse datum, coarse datum selection is correct, not only related to the first process of processing, but also has a great impact on the entire process of the workpiece.   2. The standard of reasonable distribution of machining tolerance: the machining allowance of the workpiece surface should be kept evenly, with the important surface as the rough datum.   3. Easy clamping standard: In order to make the workpiece positioning stable and clamping secure, the approximate reference point selected is required to be as smooth and clean as possible, without lightning strike, and the forging cut or other shortcomings are allowed to have a satisfying support area.

The purpose of machining mechanical parts is to serve society faster, especially the precision of parts machining; as a key component of industrial equipment, the precision of the parts affects the quality of machinery, if the machining precision does not meet the regulations, it is likely that the parts do not match during the whole mechanical assembly process; in order to ensure the success of the whole process of mechanical assembly, it is necessary to improve the machining precision of machine tools. The improvement of precision can make the machine smoother when it is put into use later and reduce the damage between parts, thus promoting the machine to have a longer service life. The company's investment in machine maintenance will be greatly reduced, the productivity of the machining plant will be greatly increased, and the company's economic efficiency will be significantly improved. In addition, the improvement of parts processing accuracy meets the development requirements of modern society and the country, so the improvement of processing accuracy can not be delayed.   Accuracy and error are the main indicators to evaluate the machining characteristics of mechanical parts, and the tolerance grade is strictly enforced in the production of holes, shafts, etc. Tolerance grade is also the main manifestation of accuracy; the higher the accuracy, the smaller the standard value of dimensional tolerance. Machining errors can only be continuously reduced and cannot be completely eliminated. Accuracy is obtained by comparing the main parameters of the produced and processed mechanical geometry with the design drawings. Accuracy includes the surface specifications of the machine, which need to be compared with the design solution standards. In the standard allowable range fluctuations, precision to meet the provisions; accuracy, such as the same as the axis degree, parallelism, etc., the strict control of shape accuracy can reasonably ensure the quality of mechanical shape; parts accuracy, which is also and the standard plan to do comparison down, flatness, flatness, etc. are all parts accuracy. Mechanical parts processing, not only to operate according to a variety of specifications, but also take into account the specific circumstances of production and processing; within the range allowed by the specifications, the corresponding adjustment. The increase in precision represents an increase in the cost of the product. When improving the precision, an effective production and processing program should be developed according to the specific conditions of the processing plant to ensure that the precision can be substantially improved with less capital investment. With the development of science and technology and development, China's machining industry has introduced many excellent technologies and production equipment. The company can also obtain great economic benefits by reducing production and processing errors and reasonably improving the quality of machinery.   The above explanation is about the precision and error of machining mechanical parts. We hope that reading it will be helpful to you. If you want to know more about machining mechanical parts, welcome to consult customer service online or call our company.  

Understanding Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is critical to a successful build, even during the 3D printing phase. The right design with the wrong 3D printing materials will lead to poor results. There are several kinds of 3D printing materials available, each of which uses a unique manufacturing process. However, PLA is a common choice, because PLA is widely popular as a material for amateur printers, and its production price is relatively cheap. The following guidelines should be followed when designing parts to be printed in PLA, using PLA for prototype design, or determining whether PLA is suitable for your design. When to use PLA PLA (polylactic acid) is a biodegradable material made of corn starch, which is suitable for early prototyping of simple geometric parts. It is suitable for quick form checking, but should not be used when high resolution printing is required. The melting temperature of PLA is about 130 ° F, so its use in high temperature environment or mechanical function is limited. PLA is one of two common FDM printing technology materials, and the other is ABS. The main difference between the two is that PLA uses a rigid support system while ABS uses a soluble support system. This means that the structure (such as overhang) to be supported during printing in PLA will be rigid and needs to be removed by hand (usually with pliers) after printing. This can lead to rough surfaces, and if the wall or feature is too thin, it usually causes the part to break. DFM of PLA As mentioned earlier, DFM is also suitable for 3D printing, although its strength and stiffness are much lower than DFM in machining or injection molding. Please remember the following rules before clicking "Checkout" after obtaining instant quotation from the wonderful platform of virtual TV: Rule 1: 45 ° design FDM printing can support itself, with a maximum angle of 45 °. When the angle exceeds 45 °, PLA will add a rigid support to prevent sagging during printing. You may want to avoid this situation because the support material will not only increase the cost, but also produce a rough surface finish after removal. Also, it is important to note that for any slope or curve on the PLA, you should expect to see steps on the surface. Because of the low resolution of this material, you cannot snap to a gradient surface. Rule 2: Minimum wall thickness of 1.5 mm In PLA, wall thickness is critical because low resolution printing usually fails without a solid support layer. Therefore, it is recommended that the acceleration should be at least 1.5mm, but preferably larger. In addition, since PLA uses the process of melting plastic and then cooling layer by layer, there is always a risk of warping. To minimize the possibility of warping, high or long walls should be supported or ribbed to provide rigidity. This also applies to posts or pins. Rule 3: 0.4 mm offset of interlocking parts Any interlock components need to be offset. You never want to design an inch pin for an inch hole. Especially for PLA, we recommend a total offset of 0.4 mm. For cylinders, the clearance is 0.2 mm on all sides or 0.2 mm on each side of the square. Rule 4: Carving>Relief It is often necessary to brand or label your products. Although PLA is not good at capturing small details, there is a best practice to meet this demand - sculpture, not relief. The main reason is that the relief is usually very thin, which will lead to poor support during the design process. For relief, it is better to go deep into the design of 0.2 mm or so, and use at least 16 point bold font to ensure that the label is printed clearly. Rule 5: Brass insert>thread For low resolution materials, thread design is never a good idea unless you have a high pitch. In most cases, it is better to use heated brass inserts. Due to the low melting temperature of PLA, a simple soldering iron will help to slide the plug-in into the designed through-hole relatively easily. Key points When you start the product development lifecycle, it is great to use PLA for prototyping, but as with any manufacturing process, it is important to understand the design requirements of the build process. Although it may be the cheapest option among available 3D printing materials, if you choose it instead of the more appropriate option, you may face the risk of printing failure. More importantly, you can learn from the prototype. On the other hand, if it really suits your needs, or if you design these guidelines for the first prototype, it can bring huge cost savings before you move to higher quality printing options.

Copper is a truly versatile metal. Copper has a natural and beautiful, shiny finish, making it ideal for art, kitchenware, kitchen tailboards, countertops, and even jewelry. It also has excellent material and electrical properties, and is suitable for engineering complex parts, such as EDM electrodes. There are many advantages to using copper for machining parts. Copper is one of the most widely used metals in the world, with high corrosion resistance and good conductivity and thermal conductivity. In this article, we will discuss the processing methods, design considerations and processing requirements of copper and copper alloys, which are not only aesthetic benefits. Copper processing technology Pure copper is difficult to process because of its high ductility, plasticity and toughness. Alloyed copper improves its machinability, and even makes copper alloys easier to machine than most other metal materials. Most machined copper parts are made of copper and zinc, tin, aluminum, silicon, and/or nickel alloys. These alloys require much less cutting force than machined steel or aluminum alloys of equal strength. CNC milling Copper alloys can be processed by various technologies. CNC milling is an automatic machining process, which uses computer control to manage the movement and operation of multi-point rotary cutting tools. As the tools rotate and move on the workpiece surface, they slowly remove excess material to achieve the desired shape and size. Milling can be used to create different design features, such as grooves, notches, grooves, holes, grooves, profiles, and planes. The following are some guidelines for CNC milling of copper or copper alloys: Common cutting materials are carbide application groups, such as N10 and N20, and HSS grades You can reduce the cutting speed by 10% to extend the tool life When milling copper casting alloy with casting skin, reduce the cutting speed by 15% for cemented carbide group tools and 20% for HSS class tools CNC turning Another technique for machining copper is CNC turning, where the tool remains stationary while the workpiece moves to produce the desired shape. CNC turning is a processing system which is suitable for manufacturing many electronic and mechanical parts. There are many benefits to using CNC turning, including cost-effectiveness, accuracy, and increased manufacturing speed. When rotating copper workpieces, it is particularly important to carefully consider the speed, because copper is an excellent heat conductor, which generates more heat than other materials, which will increase tool wear over time. Here are some tips for CNC turning copper or copper alloys: Set the tool edge angle between 70 ° and 95 ° Soft copper which is easy to be coated needs about 90 ˚ Tool edge angle of Constant cutting depth and reduced tool edge angle can reduce the stress on the tool, and improve tool life and cutting speed Increasing the angle between the main cutting edge and the auxiliary cutting edge (tool angle) can make the tool bear higher mechanical load and lead to lower thermal stress Design considerations Many factors need to be considered when designing parts machined with copper. In general, you should only use copper when necessary, because copper is expensive and usually does not require copper to produce the entire part. A good design can utilize a small amount of copper to maximize its unusual properties. The following are some common reasons for choosing copper or copper alloy parts: High corrosion resistance High conductivity and thermal conductivity, easy to weld High Extensibility Highly machinable alloy Select the correct material grade During the design phase, it is important to select the correct grade of copper for your application. For example, using pure copper for complete machine parts is not only difficult but also uneconomical. C101 (pure copper) has higher conductivity due to its purity (99.99% copper), but poor processability. C110 is usually easier to process, so it is more cost-effective. Therefore, selecting the correct material grade depends on the characteristics that are critical to the design function. Design for manufacturability No matter what materials you use, DFM should always come first. At Fictiv, we recommend that you relax the tolerance as much as possible while retaining the functions required by the application. In addition, it is better to limit dimensional inspection, avoid deep recesses with small radii, and limit the number of parts set. No matter what materials you use, DFM should always be your first choice. We recommend that you broaden the tolerance as much as possible while retaining the functionality required by the application. In addition, it is better to limit dimensional inspection, avoid deep grooves with small radii, and limit the number of parts set. In particular, when designing copper parts, here are some specific best practices: Maintain a minimum wall thickness of 0.5 mm The maximum part size for CNC milling is 1200 * 500 * 152mm, and the maximum part size for CNC turning is 152 * 394mm For undercuts, maintain a square, full radius, or dovetail profile Finishing copper After processing, there are many factors to consider when deciding which process best suits your needs. The first step of surface finish control is in the CNC machining process. Some CNC machining parameters can be controlled to change the surface quality of the machined part, such as the tool tip radius or the tool corner radius. For soft copper alloys and pure copper, the quality of the finish directly and seriously depends on the head radius. The head radius should be minimized to prevent the application of softer metal and reduce the surface roughness. This creates a higher quality cut surface because a smaller tip radius reduces the feed trace. The wiper inserts are the preferred tool compared to traditional tool tip radius tools because they can improve the surface finish without changing the feed speed. You can also meet the part finish requirements through post-processing: Manual polishing – although labor-intensive, polishing will produce an attractive surface luster Medium blasting - this produces a uniform matte surface and hides small imperfections. Electrolytic polishing - due to its incredible conductivity, it makes copper bright and is the best choice for finishing copper.