China Shenzhen Perfect Precision Product Co., Ltd. company news

Since the reform and opening up, China's precision mechanical parts machining seals industry has made great strides in development, the majority of CNC machining companies have been involved, accounting for more than half of the industry's share of metal seals also entered a new phase. Many CNC machining custom enterprise seals level, has shown a strong competitive ability to begin to expand the international market. In 2020, China's precision mechanical parts machining seals industry market size of about 73.905 billion yuan, the industry is concentrated in Shandong and the Yangtze River Delta region, but the overall competitiveness of CNC machining custom enterprises is weak. In the future, driven by the downstream industry of precision mechanical parts machining, the metal seal manufacturing industry will continue to develop steadily. Precision mechanical parts processing of the seal manufacturing, refers to the CNC machining of metal as raw materials to make seals custom production activities. Since the reform and opening up, after the majority of CNC machining enterprises hard work, China's precision mechanical parts machining seals manufacturing industry has fully developed into a competitive industry. Precision mechanical parts machining seals industry products and many large industrial supporting use, whether aviation, navigation, petroleum, chemical, or machinery, power generation, metallurgy, mining, etc., are inseparable from the seals. So the precision mechanical parts processing seals industry is small, but the surface involved is very wide. Precision mechanical parts machining seals industry has developed so far, has grown from the year of small workshops, small CNC processing plant workshop or branch to basically meet the requirements of a variety of equipment in China. At present, in the seal manufacturing industry, metal seals dominate the position, with more than half of the market share, reaching 71%. Metal seals, accounting for more than half of the precision parts machining seals manufacturing industry share.

In the CNC machining custom link, metal seals are essential. CNC precision machining of seals manufacturing industry upstream industry, generally for the steel and non-ferrous metal industry, steel is the main part of its production cost components. In the precision mechanical parts processing seals product cost structure, the vast majority of the total cost is occupied by raw materials, any changes in steel will affect the quality of precision mechanical parts processing metal seals products, costs and so on. At the same time, CNC precision machining metal seals is an important part of the CNC lathe machining equipment base parts, widely used in machinery, petroleum, chemical, metallurgical, electric power and other industries, the vast majority of these important industries of the national economy are related to precision mechanical parts machining metal seals manufacturing industry. In recent years, China's CNC precision machining metal seals production and quality gradually into a new stage, a new period, but since 2010, by the upstream and downstream impact, the market size fluctuations. According to the Foresight Industrial Research Institute released the "China Metal Seals Manufacturing Industry Production and Sales Demand and Transformation and Upgrading Analysis Report" statistics show that in 2020, China's precision mechanical parts processing metal seals manufacturing industry sales revenue reached 82.770 billion yuan, an increase of 19.7%, total profits of 6.351 billion yuan, an increase of 19.48%. By 2021 China's precision mechanical parts processing metal seals manufacturing industry sales revenue of 73.905 billion yuan, down 10.7%, total profits of 6.094 billion yuan, down 4.06%, affected by the upstream and downstream industries of hardware parts processing. In recent years, China's precision mechanical parts processing industry to production capacity in the continuous promotion, led by the price of raw materials such as steel fluctuations, are CNC precision machining seals manufacturing enterprise profits have brought pressure.

What is the difference between roughing and finishing in CNC machining? This is a term used in CNC machining, CNC machining is generally divided into rough machining, medium machining, finishing machining. It is the last in place processing, control precision (accuracy) size. It is not that the CNC machining finishing tool is larger than the roughing tool. The CNC machining rough tool is not the same, the workpiece wear (a basic type of parts failure) degree is not the same, the processing accuracy (precision) is not the same CNC machining parts surface quality and processing accuracy (precision) is closely related. CNC machining CNC is also called computer gongs, CNCCH or CNC machine tools is actually a call over in Hong Kong, a large number of reduction in the number of tooling, CNC machining complex shape parts do not require complex tooling, CNC machining is a new processing technology, the main work is to prepare the processing program, that is, the original manual CNC machining is a new machining technology, the main work is the preparation of machining programs, that is, the original manual to computer programming, such as to change the shape and size of the parts, only need to modify the parts processing procedures, suitable for new product development and reshaping. Imagine a part surface is very rough, its dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy may be high? We use CNC machining process, in the construction of direct contact is the surface of the parts, and even many parts use the key (interpretation: metaphorical important part of things) in some surface quality (such as sliding bearings (bearing) and shaft contact surface, etc.). CNC machining parts of the surface quality often for the use of parts requirements, such as many parts require a very high surface hardness, such as Mold (title: mother of industry) of the molding parts, surface quality is to achieve the functional requirements of the use of parts. Rough machining should be considered to leave a sufficient and reasonable margin for finishing. Finishing should select the correct datum positioning, choose a reasonable processing sequence, tool materials and cutting parameters to ensure the final quality of the product. CNC machining in CNC machine tools for parts processing a process method, CNC machine tool processing and traditional machine tool processing process protocols from the general point of view is consistent, but also undergone significant changes. The machining method of controlling the displacement of parts and tools with digital information. It is an effective way to solve the problem of variable variety of parts, small batch, complex shape, high precision and achieve efficient and automated processing. CNC machining of the surface quality of the parts affect the use of the parts, the surface of the parts with defects affect the performance of the parts. CNC machining by the control system to issue instructions to make the tool to meet the requirements of various movements, in the form of numbers and letters to indicate the shape and size of the workpiece and other technical requirements and processing process requirements for processing. It refers generally to the process of machining parts on CNC machine tools. In order to improve the degree of production automation, shorten the programming time and reduce the cost of CNC processing, in the aerospace industry also developed and used a series of advanced CNC machining technology. For example (for example, like), a part with a small crack on the surface, after use the crack is likely to expand and eventually cause the part to fracture.

We know that the precision machining requirements of precision machining is very high, precision machining is good rigidity, high manufacturing accuracy, accurate tool setting, so it can process parts with high precision requirements, so which parts are suitable for precision machining? First of all, compared with ordinary lathe, CNC lathe has constant linear speed cutting function. No matter for turning end face or different diameter outer circle can be processed with the same linear speed, that is to ensure the surface roughness value is consistent and relatively small. The surface roughness depends on the cutting speed and feed speed under the condition that the material of workpiece and tool, finishing allowance and tool angle are certain. 3 In processing the surface roughness of different surfaces, the roughness of the small surface choose a small feed rate, the roughness of the large surface choose a larger feed rate, good variability, this is difficult to do in ordinary lathes; profile shape of complex parts, any plane curve can be approximated by a straight line or arc, precision machining with circular interpolation function, can process a variety of complex contour parts, precision machining of the use of Good or bad need the operator's careful use. Precision machining mainly includes precision turning, precision boring, precision milling, precision grinding and grinding processes. (1) fine turning and fine boring: most of the precision light alloy (aluminum or magnesium alloy, etc.) parts in the aircraft are mostly processed by this method, generally with natural single crystal diamond tools, the radius of the blade arc is less than 0.1 micron, in the high-precision lathe processing can be obtained 1 micron accuracy and the average height difference of less than 0.2 micron surface unevenness, coordinate accuracy can reach ± 2 micron. (2) Fine milling: used for machining complex shape of aluminum or beryllium alloy structural parts, relying on the accuracy of the machine's guide and spindle to obtain high mutual position accuracy, the use of carefully ground diamond cutter head for high-speed milling can obtain accurate mirror surface. (3) fine grinding: for processing shaft or hole parts. Most of these parts are made of hardened steel with high hardness, and most high-precision grinding machine spindles use hydrostatic or dynamic pressure liquid bearings to ensure high stability. The ultimate accuracy of grinding is influenced by the machine tool spindle and bed stiffness in addition to the selection and balance of the grinding wheel and the machining accuracy of the center hole of the workpiece, etc. Fine grinding can obtain a dimensional accuracy of 1 micron and an out-of-roundness of 0.5 micron. (4) Grinding: Using the principle of mutual research of mating parts to selectively process the irregular raised parts on the machined surface, the grinding grain diameter, cutting force and cutting heat can be precisely controlled, so it is the processing method to obtain the highest precision in precision machining technology. The hydraulic or pneumatic mating parts in the precision servo parts of aircraft and the bearing parts of dynamic gyro motor are processed by this method to achieve 0.1 or even 0.01 micron accuracy and 0.005 micron micro-unevenness.

1. Machining error Machining accuracy refers to the degree to which the actual value of the forging geometric parameters (size, shape and mutual position of geometric elements, microscopic unevenness of the contour, etc.) conform to the design ideal value after machining. Machining error refers to the deviation of the actual geometric parameters from the design ideal value, the smaller the machining error, the higher the machining accuracy. Machining error mainly has the following categories. ① Dimensional error: the actual size of the forged part after processing deviates from the ideal size. The ideal size is the average value of the maximum and minimum two limit sizes marked on the drawing, that is, the central value of the size tolerance zone. ②Shape error: refers to the difference (or deviation) of the actual surface shape of the machined forgings from the ideal shape, such as roundness, straightness, etc. ③ Position error: refers to the difference (or deviation) between the mutual position of the machined forging surface, axis or symmetry plane for its ideal position, such as the same axis degree, position degree, etc. ④ surface microscopic unevenness: microscopic geometric shape error consisting of smaller spacing and peaks and valleys on the surface of the forging after processing. Forging surface microscopic unevenness with surface roughness assessment parameter value. Machining error is generated by many error factors of the process system. Such as the principle of the processing method error, forging mounting and positioning error, fixture, tool manufacturing error and wear, machine tool manufacturing, installation error and wear, machine tool, tool error, cutting process force, heat deformation and friction vibration, and the geometric error of the blank and the measurement error in processing. 2. Geometric tolerance In order to control the processing errors and meet the functional requirements of forgings, the designer puts forward the corresponding processing accuracy requirements through the forging drawings, which are given in the form of geometric tolerance markings. Geometric tolerance is the range of variation allowed for the actual geometric parameter values. Relative to various types of machining errors, geometric tolerances are divided into dimensional tolerances, shape tolerances, position tolerances and surface roughness indexes allowable values and tolerances of special geometric parameters of typical parts. In modern production, the manufacturing process of a mechanical product often involves many industries and enterprises, some of which also require international cooperation. In order to meet the technical coordination requirements between each other, there must be a common compliance with the unified technical requirements of the specification. The standard is to regulate the technical requirements of the regulations, is the common compliance in a certain range of technical basis. Standards are issued at different levels, in the world, the common compliance of enterprises is the international standard (ISO). China's standards are divided into national standards (GB), industry standards (such as machinery standards (JB)), local standards (DB) and enterprise standards. Local standards and enterprise standards are technical specifications developed in the absence of national standards and industry standards, and the need for uniform technical requirements in a certain range. The scope of standards is very wide, involving all aspects of people's lives. According to the object, it can be divided into basic standards, product standards, method standards and safety and environmental protection standards.

1、Planing processing: It is a cutting processing method that uses the planing knife to make horizontal relative linear motion to the workpiece, mainly used for the shape processing of parts. 2, grinding processing: grinding refers to the use of abrasives, abrasives to remove excess material on the workpiece processing method. Grinding is one of the more widely used cutting processing methods. 3、Selective laser melting: In a slot covered with metal powder, a computer-controlled beam of high-powered carbon dioxide laser selectively sweeps across the surface of the metal powder. Where the laser reaches, the surface layer of metal powder completely molten together, while not illuminated places still remain in the powder state. The entire process takes place in a sealed chamber filled with inert gas. 4, selective laser sintering: is the SLS method using infrared lasers for energy, the use of modeling materials are mostly powder materials. Processing, the first powder preheating to a temperature slightly below its melting point, and then under the role of the scraping stick to lay the powder flat; laser beam under computer control according to the layered cross-section information for selective sintering, a layer is completed and then the next layer of sintering, all sintered to remove excess powder, you can get a good sintered parts. 5, metal deposition: and "squeeze cream" type of fusion deposition is somewhat similar, but the spray is metal powder. Nozzle in the spray metal powder material at the same time, but also to increase the power laser and inert gas protection. 6, roll forming: This method is the use of a continuous set of racks to roll stainless steel into complex shapes. Each machine plus the roll type can continuously make the metal deformation until the desired final shape. 7, die forging: This is a forging method that uses a die to shape the blank on special die forging equipment to obtain forgings. This method produces forgings with accurate size, smaller machining allowance and more complex structure than high productivity. 8, die cutting: that is, the undercutting process, the former process after the molding of the film positioned on the punching die male die, close the die to remove the excess material, retain the product 3D shape, and die cavity to match. 9、Knife die: Knife die undercutting process, positioning the film panel or line on the base plate, fixing the knife die on the machine template, using the force provided by the machine under pressure to control the material to cut off the material. 10, centrifugal casting: the liquid metal is injected into the high-speed rotation of the casting mold, so that the metal liquid under the action of centrifugal force to fill the mold and the formation of the casting technology and methods. 11, disappearing mold casting: is similar to the size and shape of the casting of paraffin or foam model bonding combination into a model cluster, brush refractory coating and drying, buried in dry quartz sand vibration modeling, pouring under negative pressure, so that the model vaporization, liquid metal occupies the model position, solidification and cooling to form a new casting method. 12, extrusion casting: also known as liquid die forging, is to make the molten state of metal or semi-solid alloy, directly into the open mold, followed by closing the mold to produce the filling flow, to reach the external shape of the parts, followed by the application of high pressure, so that the crystallization under pressure solidification molding, and finally obtain the parts or blank method. 13、Continuous casting: It is a casting method that continuously pours liquid metal at one end using a through crystallizer and continuously pulls out the molding material from the other end. 14、Drawing: It is a plastic processing method that uses external force on the front end of the drawn metal to pull the metal billet from the mold hole smaller than the billet section to obtain the corresponding shape and size of the product. Since drawing is mostly done in the cold state, it is also called cold drawing or cold drawing. 15、Stamping: It is a forming processing method that relies on presses and dies to apply external force to plates, strips, pipes and profiles to produce plastic deformation and separation, so as to obtain workpieces of the required shape and size. 16、Metal injection: molding is a new powder metallurgy near net forming technology derived from the plastic injection molding industry. This new powder metallurgy forming method is called metal injection molding method. 17、Turning: Turning is the use of the workpiece on the lathe relative to the tool rotation of the workpiece cutting method, turning machining cutting energy is mainly provided by the workpiece rather than the tool.

For efficient machining center to process metal material cutting, the raw material to be processed, cutting special tools, cutting standards are three major factors. Such decisions determine the processing time, tool life and processing quality. The economic development of reasonable processing methods must be effective selection of cutting standards. Machining center processing cutting use of effective selection Machining center processing cutting standards of the three elements. Cutting speed, feed and depth of cut immediately cause damage to the tool. With the increase in cutting speed, the sharp knife temperature will rise, which will cause mechanical equipment, organic chemical, thermal wear. A 20% increase in cutting speed, CNC precision machining, tool life will be reduced by 1/2. The standard of tool walking and tool back edge wear association is caused in a very small range. However, high feeds and elevated cutting temperatures result in high trailing edge wear. It is less harmful to the tool than the cutting speed. The harm of depth of cut to the tool although there is no cutting speed and feed is large, but in the fine depth of cut cutting, the raw material being cut causes a hard bottoming layer, which will harm the tool life as well. Customers should select the applied cutting speed according to the raw material to be processed, strength, cutting situation, type of raw material, feed, depth of cut, etc. The most suitable machining standard is selected on the basis of such elements. There is a standard, smooth wear to achieve the life of the standard is considered idealized. I do not know, in the specific work, the selection of the tool life and tool wear, being processed specifications shift, process performance, cutting noise, processing heat and other related. CNC machining for stainless steel plates and heat-resistant alloys and other difficult-to-machine raw materials, the ability to choose coolant or the use of good rigidity of the edge.

1、Each program should be strictly confirmed whether the tool is consistent with the program before machining. 2、When loading the tool, make sure the length of the tool and the selected head are suitable. 3、Do not open the door during the machine operation to avoid flying knives or flying loose workpieces. 4、If the tool is found during machining, the operator must stop immediately, such as pressing the "emergency stop" button or "reset button" button or setting the "feed speed" to zero. 5. In the same workpiece, the same area of the workpiece must be maintained to ensure the accuracy of the CNC machining center operation rules when the tool is connected. 6. If you find too much machining margin during machining, you must use "Single Segment" or "Pause" to clear the X, Y and Z values, then mill manually, then swing back to. Zero" to let it run on its own. 7、During the operation, the operator must not leave the machine or check the running status of the machine regularly. If you need to leave in the middle, you must designate the relevant personnel to check. CNC precision machining. 8、Before light knife spraying, the machine should be cleaned of aluminum slag to prevent the aluminum slag from absorbing oil. 9、Rough machining as much as possible with air blowing, light knife program in the spraying of oil. 10、After the workpiece is off the machine, it should be cleaned and deburred in time. 11、At the end of the shift, the operator must be timely and accurate handover to ensure that subsequent processing can be carried out normally. 12、Before shutting down the machine, make sure the tool magazine is in the original position, XYZ axis stop at the center position, and then turn off the power and main power on the machine operation panel. 13、In case of thunderstorm, the power must be turned off immediately and stop working. Precision parts machining methods are characterized by extremely fine control of the amount of surface material removed or added. However, to obtain the precision of precision parts processing, it still relies on precision processing equipment and precise constraint systems, and is mediated by ultra-precision masks. For example, for ultra-large-scale integrated circuit plate making, the photoresist on the mask (see Lithography) is exposed by electron beam, so that the atoms of the photoresist are directly polymerized (or decomposed) by electron impact, and then the polymerized or unpolymerized parts are dissolved with developer to form the mask. Electron beam exposure plate making requires ultra-precision processing equipment with a table positioning accuracy of ±0.01μm. Ultra-precision parts cutting There are mainly ultra-precision turning, mirror grinding and grinding. Micro-turning is performed on an ultra-precision lathe with finely polished single crystal diamond turning tools. The cutting thickness is only about 1 micron. It is commonly used for machining spherical, aspheric and flat mirrors of non-ferrous materials with high precision and appearance. Components. For example, an aspheric mirror with a diameter of 800mm used for machining nuclear fusion devices has a maximum accuracy of 0.1μm and an appearance roughness of 0.05μm. Special machining of ultra-precision parts Ultra-precision parts are processed with nanometer accuracy, and even if atomic units (atomic lattice spacing of 0.1-0.2 nm) are targeted, they cannot be adapted to ultra-precision parts cutting methods and require the use of special precision parts processing methods, i.e., the application of chemistry. Energy, electrochemical, thermal or electrical energy, so that the energy exceeds the inter-atomic bonding energy, thus eliminating adhesion, bonding or lattice deformation between certain external parts of the workpiece for the purpose of ultra-precision machining . These processes include mechanochemical polishing, ion sputtering and ion implantation, electron beam exposure, laser beam processing, metal evaporation, and molecular beam epitaxy.

CNC engraving machines are good at small tool finishing, with the ability of milling, grinding, drilling and high-speed tapping, and are widely used in many fields such as 3C industry, mold industry and medical industry. This article collects the common questions about CNC engraving processing. 1. What is the main difference between CNC engraving and CNC milling? CNC engraving and CNC milling both use the principle of milling processing. The main difference is in the diameter of the tool used, where the common tool diameter range for CNC milling is 6-40 mm, while the tool diameter for CNC engraving processing is 0.2-3 mm. 2. CNC milling can only do rough machining, CNC engraving can only do finish machining? Before answering this question, let's first understand the concept of process. Roughing process is a large amount of processing, finishing process is a small amount of processing, so some people habitually think of roughing as "heavy cutting", finishing as "light cutting". In fact, roughing, semi-finishing and finishing are process concepts, which represent different processing stages. Therefore, the accurate answer to this question is that CNC milling can do heavy cutting and light cutting, while CNC engraving can only do light cutting processing. 3. Can CNC engraving do rough machining of steel material? To determine whether CNC engraving processing can process a certain material, mainly depends on how big the tool can be used. the tool used for CNC engraving processing determines its maximum removal capacity. If the shape of the mold allows the use of a tool with a diameter of more than 6 mm, it is highly recommended to use CNC milling first, and then remove the remaining material by engraving processing. 4. Can the addition of a speed increasing head to the spindle of a CNC machining center complete the engraving process? It cannot be completed. This kind of product has appeared in the exhibition 2 years ago, but it cannot complete the engraving process. The main reason is that the design of CNC machining center considers its own tool range and the overall structure is not suitable for engraving processing. The main reason for this misconception is that they mistook the high-speed electric spindle as the only feature of the engraving machine. 5. 5. CNC engraving can use very small diameter tools, can it replace EDM? No. It is not a substitute. Although engraving has reduced the range of tool diameters available for milling, small molds that were previously only available with EDM can now be machined with engraving. However, the length/diameter ratio of engraving tools is generally around 5:1. When using a small diameter tool, only very shallow cavities can be machined, whereas the EDM process has almost no cutting forces and can machine cavities as long as electrodes can be created. 6. What are the main factors that affect the engraving process? Machining is a complex process and there are many factors affecting it, mainly the following: machine characteristics, tools, control system, material characteristics, machining process, auxiliary fixtures and surrounding environment. 7. What are the requirements of CNC engraving processing for control system? CNC engraving processing is first of all milling processing, so the control system must have the control ability of milling processing. For small tool processing, at the same time, it must provide feed-forward function, path advance speed reduction to reduce the frequency of small tool breakage. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the tooling speed in the smoother path section, so as to improve the efficiency of engraving processing. 8. What characteristics of the material will affect the machining? The main factors affecting the engraving performance of materials are material type, hardness and toughness. Material types include metallic materials and non-metallic materials. In general, the greater the hardness, the worse the processability, the greater the viscosity, the worse the processability. The more impurities, the worse the processability, and the greater the hardness of the particles within the material, the worse the processability. A general standard is: the higher the carbon content, the worse the processability, the higher the alloy content, the worse the processability, the higher the content of non-metallic elements, the better the processability (but generally the non-metallic content in the material is strictly controlled). 9. What materials are suitable for engraving processing? Non-metallic materials suitable for engraving include Plexiglas, resin, wood, etc. Non-metallic materials not suitable for engraving include natural marble, glass, etc. Metal materials suitable for engraving include copper, aluminum, soft steel with hardness less than HRC40, and metal materials unsuitable for engraving include hardened steel, etc. 10. What is the influence of the tool itself on the processing and how? The tool factors affecting the engraving processing include tool material, geometric parameters, and sharpening technology. The tool material used for engraving processing is cemented carbide material, which is a powder alloy, and the main performance indicator that determines the performance of the material is the average diameter of the powder. The smaller the diameter, the more wear-resistant the tool, the higher the durability of the tool, more knowledge of CNC programming concern WeChat public number (CNC programming teaching) to receive tutorials, the sharpness of the tool mainly affects the cutting force. The sharper the tool, the smaller the cutting force, the smoother the processing, the higher the surface quality, but the lower the durability of the tool. Therefore, different sharpness should be selected when machining different materials. When processing softer and sticky materials, the tool needs to be sharper, and when the hardness of the processed material is greater, the sharpness should be reduced to improve the durability of the tool. But it should not be too blunt, otherwise the cutting force will be too large and affect the processing. The key factor in the sharpening of the tool is the mesh of the finishing grinding wheel. Grinding wheel with high mesh number can grind more delicate cutting edge, which can effectively improve the durability of the tool. A wheel with a high mesh can produce a smoother rear face, which improves the surface quality of the cut. 11. What is the tool life formula? Tool life is mainly the tool life during the machining of steel materials. The empirical formula is: (T is the tool life, CT is the life parameter, VC is the cutting line speed, f is the amount of tool eaten per red per revolution, P is the depth of tool eaten). Among them, the biggest influence on the tool life is the cutting line speed. In addition, tool radial runout, tool grinding quality, tool material and coating, coolant will also affect the tool durability. 12. How to protect the engraving machine tool equipment during the machining process? 1) Protect the tool setting instrument from excessive oil erosion. 2) Pay attention to the control of flying chips. Flying chips are very harmful to the machine tool, flying into the electric control cabinet will lead to short circuit, flying into the guide rail will reduce the life of the screw and guide rail, so when processing, the main part of the machine tool should be sealed well. (3) When moving the lighting, do not pull the head, which can easily pull the head. 4）During the machining process, do not observe close to the cutting area so as not to hurt your eyes with flying chips. When the spindle motor is rotating, it is forbidden to do any operation on the table surface. (5) When opening and closing the machine door, do not open and close it violently. In finishing, the impact vibration during the opening of the door will cause the machined surface to have tool lines. (6) to give the spindle speed, after the start of machining, otherwise, due to the slow start of the spindle, resulting in not reaching the desired speed to start machining, so that the motor suffocated. 7) It is forbidden to place any tool or workpiece on the cross beam of the machine. 8) It is strictly forbidden to place magnetic tools such as magnetic suction cups and percentage meter holders on the electric control cabinet, otherwise it will damage the display. 13. What parameters need to be adjusted when the new tool is turning in the process of machining and the machining is very hard? The reason for the hard machining is that the power and torque of the spindle can not bear the current cutting amount. A reasonable approach is to make a new path, reduce the depth of tool eating, grooving depth and trimming amount. If the overall machining time is less than 30 minutes, you can also improve the cutting state by adjusting the tool speed. 14. What is the role of cutting fluid? Metal processing pay attention to adding cooling oil. The role of the cooling system is to take away the cutting heat and flying chips, and to lubricate the machining. The cooling fluid takes away the cutting heat, reduces the heat transferred to the tool and motor, and improves their service life. The flying chips are taken away to avoid secondary cutting. The lubricating effect reduces the cutting force and makes the machining more stable. In purple copper machining, the choice of oil-based cutting fluid can improve the surface quality. 15. What are the stages of tool wear? Tool wear is divided into three stages: initial wear, normal wear, and rapid wear. In the initial wear stage tool wear is mainly due to the low temperature of the tool, and does not reach the optimal cutting temperature, at this time, the tool wear is mainly abrasive wear, such wear on the tool is relatively large, more CNC programming knowledge focus on WeChat public number (CNC programming teaching) to receive tutorials, it is easy to lead to tool chipping. This stage is a very dangerous stage, not handled well, may directly lead to tool chipping failure. When the tool spends the initial wear period, the cutting temperature of the tool reaches a certain value, which is the main wear is diffusion wear, and its role is mainly to cause local flaking. Therefore, the wear is relatively small and slow. When the wear reaches a certain level, the tool fails, and it enters the period of sharp wear. 16. Why and how do tools need to be ground? We mentioned above that the tool is easy to break down in the initial wear stage, in order to avoid the phenomenon of breaking down, we must sharpen the tool. Make the cutting temperature of the tool gradually rise to a reasonable temperature. It is experimentally verified that the comparison is carried out using the same machining parameters. It can be seen that after sharpening, the tool life increases by more than two times. The break-in method is to reduce the feed rate by half while maintaining a reasonable spindle speed, and the machining time is about 5 to 10 minutes. Take a small value when machining soft materials and a large value when machining hard metals. 17. How to determine severe tool wear? The methods to determine severe tool wear are. 1) Listening to the machining sound and the appearance of a harsh screeching sound. 2) listening to the spindle sound, the spindle appears obvious holding rotation phenomenon. (3) feel the vibration increase in processing, the machine tool spindle appears obvious vibration. (4) look at the processing effect, the processed bottom surface tool pattern is sometimes good and sometimes bad (if the beginning of the stage so that the depth of the eating tool is too deep). 18. When should I change the tool? We should change the tool at the time of about 2/3 of the tool life limit. For example, if the tool is severely worn at 60 minutes, the next machining should start tool change at 40 minutes, and make a habit of changing tools regularly. 19. Can a severely worn tool continue to be machined? After the tool is severely worn, the cutting force can increase to 3 times of normal. And the cutting force has a great influence on the life of spindle electrode, the life of spindle motor and the force is inversely proportional to 3 times. For example, 10 minutes of machining with a 3 times increase in cutting force is equivalent to 10*33=270 minutes of spindle use under normal conditions. 20. How to determine the tool extension during roughing? The shorter the tool extension, the better. However, in actual machining, if it is too short, the length of the tool has to be adjusted frequently, which affects the machining efficiency too much. Then how to control the tool extension length in the actual machining? The principle is like this: φ3 diameter toolpost can be processed normally by extending 5mm, φ4 diameter toolpost can be processed normally by extending 7mm, and φ6 diameter toolpost can be processed normally by extending 10mm. Try to go up to these values or less when putting on the tool. If the length of the upper tool is greater than the above values, try to control the depth of machining when the tool is worn, this is a little difficult to grasp, need more exercise. 21. How to deal with a broken tool when machining suddenly? 1) Stop machining and check the current serial number of machining. 2) Check the broken tool, whether there is a broken tool body, if so, take it out. (3) analyze the reason for the broken tool, which is the most important, why the tool is broken? We have to analyze it from the above-mentioned various factors affecting the processing to analyze. But the reason for the broken tool is that the force on the tool has suddenly increased. Either the path problem, or the tool jitter is too large, or the material has a hard block, or the spindle motor speed is not correct. 4) After the analysis, replace the tool for machining. If there is no replacement path, to advance a serial number on the original serial number for machining, this time must pay attention to the feed rate will be down, one because the broken tool at the hardening is serious, and the second is to carry out tool grinding. 22. How to adjust the machining parameters when the rough machining situation is not good? If the tool life is not guaranteed under the reasonable main axis speed, when adjusting the parameters, adjust the draft depth first, then adjust the feed speed, and then adjust the lateral feed. (Note: Adjusting the depth of tooling is also limited, if the depth of tooling is too small, so too much delamination, although the theoretical cutting efficiency is high, but the actual processing efficiency is affected by some other factors, resulting in processing efficiency is too low, it should be replaced by a smaller tool for processing, but the processing efficiency is higher. Generally speaking, the minimum depth of tool eating should not be less than 0.1mm.

Using modern physics, chemistry, metal science and heat treatment and other disciplines technology to change the condition and properties of the surface of parts, so that it and the core material for optimization combination, in order to achieve predetermined performance requirements of the process method, called the surface treatment process.   The role of surface treatment:   1. Improve surface corrosion resistance and wear resistance, slow down, eliminate and repair material surface changes and damage;   2. Make ordinary materials have special functional surface;   3. Save energy, reduce costs and improve the environment.   Classification of metal surface treatment processes   Description of surface treatment process Classification Surface modification technology Surface modification technology Through physical and chemical methods, the surface morphology, phase composition, microstructure, defect state and stress state of the material surface are changed to obtain the surface treatment technology of demand performance. The surface chemical composition of the material remains unchanged. Surface alloying technology A surface treatment process in which the added material is physically transferred into the matrix to form an alloying layer to obtain desired properties. Surface conversion membrane technology By chemical method, the additive material reacts with the matrix to form the transformation film, so as to obtain the surface treatment technology of the required performance. Surface remolding technology By means of physical and chemical methods, the additive material is plated and coated on the surface of the substrate to obtain the required properties of the surface treatment process. The substrate does not participate in the formation of the coating   It can be divided into four categories: surface modification technology, surface alloying technology, surface conversion film technology and surface coating technology.   First, surface modification technology   1. Surface hardening   Surface quenching refers to the heat treatment method of hardening the surface of parts by quenching the surface austenitizing with rapid heating without changing the chemical composition and core structure of steel.   The main surface quenching methods are flame quenching and induction heating, commonly used heat sources such as aerobic acetylene or oxypropane flame.   2. Laser surface enhancement   Laser surface strengthening is to use focused laser beam to the surface of the workpiece, in a very short time to heat the surface of the workpiece thin material to the temperature above the phase change temperature or melting point, and in a very short time to cool, so that the workpiece surface hardening and strengthening.   Laser surface strengthening can be divided into laser phase transformation strengthening treatment, laser surface alloying treatment and laser cladding treatment.   Laser surface strengthening has small heat-affected zone, small deformation and easy operation. It is mainly used for local strengthening parts, such as punching die, crankshaft, CAM, camshaft, spline shaft, precision instrument guide rail, high speed steel tool, gear and internal combustion engine cylinder liner.   3. Shot peening   Shot peening is a technology that ejects a large number of high-speed projectiles onto the surface of parts, just like countless small hammers hitting the metal surface, so that the surface and subsurface surface of parts have certain plastic deformation and realize strengthening.   Shot peening can improve the mechanical strength and wear resistance, fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance of parts. Often used for surface extinction, oxidation skin; Eliminate the residual stress of casting, forging and welding parts.   4. The roller   Rolling is at room temperature with hard roller or roller pressure on the rotating surface of the workpiece, and move along the bus direction, so that the workpiece surface plastic deformation, hardening, to obtain accurate, smooth and enhanced surface or specific pattern surface treatment process.   Often used in cylinder, cone, plane and other simple shape parts.   5. Wire drawing   Wire drawing refers to the metal forced through the die under the action of external force, metal cross-sectional area is compressed, and obtain the required cross-sectional area shape and size of the surface treatment method called metal wire drawing process.   Drawing can be made according to decorative needs, straight lines, disorderly lines, corrugations and spiral lines, etc.   6. Polishing   Polishing is a kind of finishing method to modify the surface of parts. Generally, it can only get a smooth surface, but can not improve or even maintain the original machining accuracy. The Ra value after polishing can reach 1.6~0.008μm depending on the pre-machining condition.   Generally divided into mechanical polishing and chemical polishing.   Surface alloying technology 1. Chemical surface heat treatment   The typical process of surface alloying technology is chemical surface heat treatment. It is a heat treatment process in which the workpiece is heated and kept warm in a specific medium, so that the active atoms in the medium penetrate into the surface of the workpiece to change the chemical composition and organization of the surface of the workpiece, and then change its performance.   Compared with surface quenching, chemical surface heat treatment not only changes the surface structure of steel, but also changes its chemical composition. According to the infiltration of different elements, chemical heat treatment can be divided into carburizing, ammoniation, multiple infiltration, infiltration of other elements. The process of chemical heat treatment includes three basic processes: decomposition, absorption and diffusion.   The two main methods of chemical surface heat treatment are carburizing and nitriding.   Contrast Carburizing Nitride Purpose Improve the surface hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength of the workpiece, while maintaining good toughness of the core. Improve workpiece surface hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength, improve corrosion resistance. Timber Mild steel containing 0.1-0.25%C. When carbon is high, heart primacy decreases. Medium carbon steel containing Cr, Mo, Al, Ti and V. Commonly used method Gas carburizing, solid carburizing, vacuum carburizing Gas nitriding, ion nitriding Temperature 900 ~ 950 ℃ 500~ 570℃ The thickness of the surface 0.5 ~ 2 mm No more than 0.6 ~ 0.7 Mr Use Widely used in aircraft, automobiles and tractors and other mechanical parts such as gear, shaft, camshaft and so on. Used for wear resistance, high precision parts and heat, wear and corrosion resistant parts. Such as instrument small shaft, light load gear and important crankshaft. .   Three, surface conversion membrane technology   1. Blackening and phosphating Blackening: Process in which steel or steel parta are heated to the right temperature in air,water vapor or chemicalss to form a blue or black oxide film on their surface,and become blue.   Phosphating: workpiece (steel or aluminum, zinc parts) immersed in phosphating solution (some acid phosphate based solution), on the surface deposition to form a layer of insoluble crystalline phosphate conversion film process, called phosphating.   2. Anodizing It mainly refers to the anodic oxidation of aluminum and aluminum alloy. Anodic oxidation is the aluminum or aluminum alloy parts immersed in acidic electrolyte, under the action of external current as an anode, on the surface of the parts to form an anti-corrosion oxide film layer firmly combined with the matrix. This oxide film has the special characteristics of protection, decoration, insulation and wear resistance.   Before anodizing, it should be pretreated with polishing, oil removal and cleaning, followed by washing, coloring and sealing.   Application: It is often used in the protective treatment of some special parts of automobiles and airplanes, as well as decorative treatment of handicrafts and daily hardware products.   Four, surface coating technology   1. The thermal spraying   Thermal spraying is to heat and melt metal or non-metallic materials, by continuous blowing of compressed gas to the surface of the workpiece, forming a coating firmly combined with the matrix, and obtain the required physical and chemical properties from the surface of the workpiece.   The wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and insulation of materials can be improved by thermal spraying technology. It is used in almost all fields including advanced technologies such as aerospace, atomic energy and electronics.   2. The vacuum plating   Vacuum plating is a surface treatment process of depositing various metallic and non-metallic films on the metal surface by means of evaporation or sputtering under vacuum conditions.   A very thin surface coating can be obtained by vacuum plating, which has the advantages of high speed, good adhesion and less pollutants.   Principle of vacuum sputtering plating   According to different processes, vacuum plating can be divided into vacuum evaporation, vacuum sputtering and vacuum ion plating.   3. The plating   Electroplating is an electrochemical and REDOX process. Take nickel plating as an example: the metal parts immersed in the solution of metal salt (NiSO4) as the cathode, the metal nickel plate as the anode, after switching on the DC power supply will be deposited on the metal nickel plating layer.   Electroplating method is divided into ordinary electroplating and special electroplating.   4. Vapor deposition   Vapor deposition technology refers to a new coating technology in which vapor material containing deposited elements is deposited on the surface of the material by physical or chemical methods to form a thin film.   According to the different principles of deposition process, vapor deposition technology can be divided into two categories: physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD).   Physical vapor Deposition (PVD)   Physical vapor deposition refers to the technology of vaporizing materials into atoms, molecules or ionizing them into ions by physical methods under vacuum conditions, and depositing a thin film on the surface of materials through the vapor phase process.   Physical deposition technology mainly includes three basic methods: vacuum evaporation, sputtering and ion plating.   Physical vapor deposition has a wide range of applicable matrix materials and film materials; Simple process, material saving, pollution-free; The advantages of strong adhesion, uniform thickness, density and less pinhole were obtained.   Widely used in machinery, aerospace, electronics, optics and light industry and other fields to prepare wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, conductive, insulating, optical, magnetic, piezoelectric, smooth, superconducting films.   Chemical vapor Deposition (CVD)   Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a method by which mixed gases interact with the substrate surface to form metal or compound films on the substrate surface at a certain temperature.   Because of its good wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance and electrical, optical and other special properties, chemical vapor deposition film has been widely used in mechanical manufacturing, aerospace, transportation, coal chemical industry and other industrial fields.