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What is bending?

What is bending? Bending is a metalworking process typically used to bend sheet metal or other metal workpieces into a desired shape along a straight line. This process bends metal to a desired angle or bend radius by applying pressure. Bending is one of the common methods for making metal parts and building metal structures. Key elements of bending include: 1. Workpiece: The workpiece is usually a metal sheet such as steel, aluminum, stainless steel, etc., although it can also be applied to other materials such as plastics. 2. Bending tools: Bending tools usually consist of an upper die and a lower die, which are used to clamp the workpiece and apply pressure to bend it. The shape and size of the upper and lower dies will vary depending on the desired bending angle and shape. 3. Bending force: Bending force is usually applied to the workpiece through hydraulic machinery, mechanical presses, or other types of mechanical devices to cause it to bend. 4. Bending radius: Bending radius refers to the curve radius required to bend the workpiece, which can be an acute angle or a larger arc, depending on the design requirements. 5. Angle control: It is very important to accurately control the bending angle. CNC bending machines or other precise equipment are usually used to ensure that the bending meets the design requirements. Bending has a wide range of applications, and it can be used to manufacture a variety of products and components, including metal boxes, cantilever beams, chassis, body parts, steel components, etc. It plays an important role in industries such as manufacturing, construction, automotive manufacturing, electronics and aerospace. Precision and quality control of the bending process are important to ensure the performance and appearance of the final product. Therefore, before bending, engineering planning and mold design are usually required to ensure that the bending operation meets the design requirements.

2023

10/31

What is torque?

What is torque? Torque is a physical quantity usually used to describe the twisting force or torque exerted on an object when it rotates around an axis. It is the product of force and distance and is usually expressed in Newton meters (N·m). The concept of torque can be expressed in the following way: Torque (N·m) = Force (N) × Distance (m) where force is the force acting on the object and distance is the distance from the axis to the point of application of the force. Torque has a wide range of applications in physics and engineering, particularly in the following areas: 1. Mechanical Engineering: Torque is a key parameter describing the performance and design of rotating machinery such as engines, electric motors, transmissions and bolts. It is used to determine the output power of mechanical devices, torque amplifiers, gear transmission systems, etc. 2. Automotive Engineering: Torque is an important parameter describing the output capability of a car engine. Automakers often report an engine's maximum torque, which helps evaluate a vehicle's dynamic performance. 3. Building and Structural Engineering: Torque is used in the design and analysis of supports, connections and rotating elements in building structures. For example, torque is used to calculate and select the size of bolts, nuts and screw piles. 4. Electronic Engineering: Torque plays an important role in connections and fixations in electronic devices, such as when tightening screws and nuts. 5. Aerospace Engineering: Torque is a key parameter describing the performance of aerospace components such as aircraft engines, flight control systems and gyroscopes. The direction of torque is the direction of rotation about an axis, and its magnitude depends on the magnitude of the force exerted on the object and the distance of the point of application from the axis. It is what causes an object to rotate about its axis, and it is an important factor in balancing the rotation.

2023

10/31

The role of quenching

The role of quenching Quenching is an important heat treatment process, its main function is to improve the hardness and strength of metal materials. Quenching accomplishes the following goals and effects by rapidly cooling the heat-treated material: 1. Increase the hardness: Quenching is to increase the hardness of the material by rapidly cooling the material to produce a high-hardness structure. This is accomplished by the formation of martensite or other hard crystal structures within the material. 2. Increase strength: Quenching not only increases the hardness but also increases the strength of the material. This includes tensile strength, yield strength, and flexural strength. Quenched materials are generally better suited for applications requiring high strength and hardness. 3. Improve wear resistance: Since quenching can produce a hard surface layer, quenched materials usually have better wear resistance. This makes it suitable for use in environments where friction and wear are required. 4. Change the organizational structure: Quenching can change the organizational structure of the metal, from the initial coarse grain structure to a finer grain structure. This helps improve the material's mechanical properties. 5. Reduced toughness: Although quenching increases hardness and strength, some toughness is usually sacrificed. After quenching, the material may become brittle and prone to breakage. Therefore, quenching is often a compromise process that requires trade-offs based on specific application requirements. 6. Control dimensional changes: Quenching may cause dimensional changes in the material, including shrinkage and distortion. This requires appropriate control during the quenching process to ensure that the manufactured parts meet specifications. 7. Application fields: Quenching is usually applied to various engineering materials, including steel, aluminum, copper and other alloys, to meet the needs of different industrial fields, such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, construction and machinery manufacturing. Quenching is a key heat treatment process that achieves the desired material properties by controlling the cooling rate, quenching medium and temperature. Different quenching methods can produce different effects, allowing materials to be tailored to meet specific application needs.

2023

10/31

The difference between powder spraying and oil spraying

The difference between powder spraying and oil spraying Powder Coating and Oil Coating are two different surface coating and coating technologies. They have important differences in coating materials, processes and performance. Here are the main differences between them: 1. Coating material: Powder spraying: Powder spraying uses solid powder coatings, usually composed of resins, pigments and other additives. These powder pigments do not need to be diluted or evaporated before painting because they are solid. Oil spraying: Oil spraying uses liquid paint that usually needs to be diluted to the proper viscosity before application. Liquid paint usually consists of organic solvents and pigments. 2. Coating process: Powder spraying: The process of powder spraying involves spraying powder coating evenly onto the surface of the workpiece, usually using electrostatic adsorption or electric charge to attract the powder particles, and then curing it in a drying chamber. The process of curing involves heating so that the powder particles melt and adhere to the surface to form a strong coating. Oil spraying: The process of oil spraying involves spraying liquid paint onto the surface of a workpiece, usually using a spray gun or spray equipment. After liquid paint is sprayed on a surface, it needs time to evaporate the organic solvent and usually needs to dry or cure in the air. 3. Environment and health: Powder spraying: Powder spraying is generally more environmentally friendly because it contains no organic solvents and no volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released in the process. This helps reduce air pollution and improves the safety of the work environment. Oil spraying: Oil spraying may release organic solvents and VOCs, which may pose potential risks to the environment and worker health. Therefore, measures are often required to reduce these emissions. 4. Coating performance: Powder-coated: Powder-coated coatings are generally more resistant to wear, corrosion, and chemicals, and have better scratch resistance. They also provide uniform coating thickness. Oil Spray: The performance of oil spray coatings depends on the type and quality of paint used. They may require more maintenance and are not as durable as powder-coated coatings in some applications. 5. Appearance: Powder-coated: Powder-coated coatings typically provide a uniform, smooth, semi-gloss or glossy appearance. They can achieve a variety of colors and effects. Oil Sprayed: The appearance of an oil-sprayed coating can be customized depending on the paint used, allowing for different gloss levels, colors and textures. In summary, powder spraying and oil spraying are two different methods of painting and coating technology, which are suitable for different types of applications and have different characteristics and effects. The choice of technology usually depends on the requirements and nature of the workpiece and the desired coating properties.

2023

10/31

What is the difference between electroplating and anodizing?

What is the difference between electroplating and anodizing? Electroplating and anodizing are two different surface treatment techniques used to improve the properties and appearance of metal or alloy surfaces. These technologies play an important role in many industrial applications, but they have different principles, processes and application areas. Here are the main differences between electroplating and anodizing: Principle and process: 1. Electroplating: Electroplating is a process of depositing metal ions from an electrolyte onto the surface of a workpiece. In electroplating, the workpiece serves as the cathode, and the anode is usually made of the same metal as the workpiece so that metal ions can be deposited onto the workpiece surface. Electroplating can use a variety of metals, including nickel, chromium, copper, and gold. Anodizing: Anodizing is a process in which a metal surface is oxidized to form an oxide layer. The workpiece serves as the anode, and the oxidation process typically involves immersing the workpiece in a bath containing an acidic or alkaline electrolyte and applying an electric current. This results in the formation of an oxide layer, usually aluminum oxide, on the metal surface, which increases its hardness and corrosion resistance. 2. Results and characteristics: Electroplating: Electroplating typically creates a metallic coating of uniform thickness on a metal surface. This improves appearance, provides corrosion resistance and increases hardness. Electroplating can also be used to achieve decorative effects such as gold plating, chrome plating and other metal plating. Anodizing: The oxide layer formed by anodizing is usually harder than the original metal surface and provides better corrosion resistance. This makes it very useful in protecting and enhancing metal surfaces. Anodizing usually does not change the appearance of the piece, as it is usually clear or has a metal-like color. 3. Application fields: Electroplating: Electroplating is widely used in decorative and anti-corrosion applications such as jewelry, auto parts, faucets, tableware, and decorative items. Anodizing: Anodizing is commonly used to enhance the corrosion resistance of metal parts, such as aircraft parts, building materials, electronic casings, bicycle parts, and aluminum alloy products. In summary, electroplating and anodizing are two different surface treatment technologies that are suitable for different types of applications and have different characteristics and effects. Which technique is chosen depends on the specific requirements and desired properties of the workpiece.

2023

10/31

what is squareness?

what is squareness? Squareness, in the context of engineering and manufacturing, is a geometric tolerance that defines and controls the deviation of an angular feature, such as a surface, line, or edge, from being perfectly perpendicular (90 degrees) to a reference plane or axis. It is one of the principles of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), a system that specifies allowable variations in the form, size, orientation, and location of features on a part or component. The goal of specifying squareness is to ensure that the feature is within defined limits of perpendicularity to the specified reference. Here are some key points about squareness: 1. Squareness Tolerance: Squareness is defined by a tolerance zone that describes the acceptable deviation from perfect perpendicularity. The tolerance is typically specified in degrees or arc minutes (e.g., ±0.05 degrees or ±3 arc minutes), indicating the allowable angular variation from a perfect right angle. 2. Measurement and Inspection: Squareness can be measured and inspected using various tools and methods, such as precision squares, optical squares, CMMs, and coordinate measuring machines. These tools help determine whether the feature meets the specified squareness tolerance. 3. Functional Significance: Squareness is critical in applications where components need to be accurately aligned, assembled, or interact with other parts at right angles. Deviations from squareness can lead to misalignment, increased wear and stress, and reduced performance. 4.GD&T Symbol: In GD&T, squareness is represented by the symbol for squareness (⊤). This symbol is placed in the feature control frame of a drawing, along with the specified tolerance value, to indicate the squareness requirement. 5. Statistical Process Control (SPC): In manufacturing, statistical process control techniques can be employed to monitor and control squareness during production, ensuring that parts consistently meet specified tolerances. Squareness is particularly important in applications where the angular relationship between features or components must be precisely controlled, such as in the assembly of machinery, fixtures, and tooling. Accurate squareness ensures that these components function as intended and operate efficiently.

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