The geometric characteristics of machined surface include surface roughness, surface waviness and surface texture. Surface roughness is the basic unit of geometric features of machined surfaces.
When machining workpiece surface with metal cutting tools, surface roughness is mainly affected by geometric factors, physical factors and
machining process factors.
1. Geometric factors:
From the geometric point of view, the shape and geometric angle of the tool, especially the arc radius of the tool tip, the main deflection angle, the secondary deflection angle and the feed rate in the cutting parameters, have a great influence on the surface roughness.
2. Physical factors:
In view of the physical essence of the cutting process, the fillet of the cutting edge and the extrusion and friction behind the tool cause plastic deformation of the metal material, which seriously worsens the surface roughness. When forming strip chips by processing plastic materials, it is easy to form high hardness chip buildup on the rake face. It can replace the rake face and cutting edge for cutting, so that the geometric angle and back cut of the tool change. The contour of the built-up chip is very irregular, so that the depth, width and width of the tool mark are constantly changing on the surface of the workpiece. Some built-up chips are embedded in the workpiece surface, which increases the surface roughness. The vibration during cutting increases the surface roughness parameter value of the workpiece.
3. Process factors:
From the point of view of technology, its influence on the surface roughness of the workpiece is mainly related to the cutting tool, the workpiece material and the processing conditions.
