When machining a workpiece in a machining plant, in order to obtain a relatively high precision of the machined workpiece, it is necessary to select the right tool to cut the workpiece. There are many main factors that should be considered in the selection of tools. The first is the material and performance of the workpiece to be processed, such as whether the material is metal or non-metal, and the hardness, stiffness, plasticity, toughness and wear resistance of the machined material.
The next thing to be considered is the processing technology category formulated by the machining plant. When machining parts, select CNC turning, drilling, CNC milling, boring or rough machining, semi finishing, finishing and ultra finishing, and determine the appropriate tools according to the processing technology.
There is also information about machining workpieces, the cutting amount that the tool can bear and various auxiliary factors. The geometric shape of the workpiece, the machining allowance, the technical requirements and economic indicators of the parts. The cutting parameters of the tool mainly include three factors, including spindle speed, cutting speed and cutting depth; Auxiliary factors, including operation interruption time, vibration frequency, power fluctuation or sudden interruption, also need to be considered.
In the machining process of a machining plant, the accuracy of the position of the machined surface on other surfaces mainly depends on the clamping of the workpiece. Direct alignment and clamping is a clamping method that directly aligns the position of machined workpiece on the machine tool with dial indicator, marking plate or visual inspection.
Marking, alignment and clamping is to mark out the center line, symmetry line and machining line of each surface to be machined on the blank according to the part drawing, then mount the workpiece on the machine tool, and align the clamping position of the workpiece on the machine tool according to the marked line. This clamping method has low productivity, low accuracy, and high requirements for workers' technical level. It is generally used to process complex and heavy parts in single piece and small batch production, or where the dimensional tolerance of the blank is too large to be clamped directly with a clamp.
Clamping with clamps is specially designed according to the requirements of the process to be processed. The positioning elements on the clamps can make the workpiece quickly occupy the correct position relative to the machine tool and the cutter, and the clamping and positioning accuracy of the workpiece can be improved without alignment. The production rate of clamping with clamps is high and the positioning accuracy is high, but special clamps need to be designed and manufactured, which are widely used in mechanical processing plants for batch and mass production.
