China Shenzhen Perfect Precision Product Co., Ltd. company news

Difficulties and Solutions of Stainless Steel Parts Processing The continuous emergence of new products puts forward higher requirements for the material of parts. Sometimes the required materials must meet the special requirements of high hardness, high wear resistance, high toughness, etc., resulting in a batch of difficult to machine materials, which puts forward higher requirements for processing technology. Compared with high-quality carbon structural steel, stainless steel materials contain Cr, Ni, Nb, Mo and other alloy elements. The increase of these alloy elements not only improves the corrosion resistance of the steel, but also has a certain impact on the machinability of stainless steel. This paper takes stainless steel and other difficult materials as the object, analyzes the processing difficulties of stainless steel in combination with the actual problems encountered in processing, and puts forward effective solutions. Combined with the practical problems encountered in machining, this paper analyzes the difficulties in stainless steel machining, and puts forward effective solutions. Analysis of Difficulties in Stainless Steel Cutting In actual processing, cutting stainless steel is often accompanied by the occurrence of knife breaking and sticking. Due to the large plastic deformation of stainless steel in the cutting process, the chips produced are not easy to break and stick, resulting in serious work hardening in the cutting process. Each process will produce a hardened layer for the next cut. After layers of accumulation, stainless steel enters the cutting process. With the increasing hardness of the medium, the required cutting force is also increasing. The generation of work hardening layer and the increase of cutting force will inevitably lead to the increase of friction between the tool and the workpiece, and the increase of cutting temperature. In addition, the thermal conductivity of stainless steel is small and the heat dissipation condition is poor. A large amount of cutting heat is concentrated between the tool and the workpiece, which makes the machined surface deteriorate and seriously affects the quality of the machined surface. Moreover, the increase of cutting temperature will aggravate tool wear, which will cause crescent pits on the tool rake face and notches on the cutting edge, affecting the surface quality of the workpiece, reducing work efficiency and increasing production costs. Methods of Improving the Processing Quality of Stainless Steel Parts It can be seen from the above that the processing of stainless steel is difficult. When cutting, it is easy to produce a "hardened layer", which is easy to break the tool, and the generated chips are not easy to break, causing adhesion to the tool, which will aggravate the wear of the tool. In view of these cutting characteristics of stainless steel, combined with the actual production, we try to improve the processing quality of stainless steel from three aspects of tool materials, cutting parameters and cooling methods. 1 Selection of tool material Choosing the right tool is the basis of machining high-quality parts. The tool is too poor to process qualified parts; If a good tool is selected, although it can meet the surface quality requirements of parts, it is easy to cause waste and increase production costs. In combination with the characteristics of poor heat dissipation condition, work hardening layer and easy sticking knife during stainless steel cutting, the selected tool material should meet the requirements of good heat resistance, high wear resistance and low affinity with stainless steel. 2 High speed steel High speed steel is a high alloy tool steel with W, Mo, Cr, V, Go and other elements added. It has good processing performance, good strength and toughness, and strong impact and vibration resistance. Under the condition of high heat generated by high-speed cutting (about 500 ℃), it can still maintain high hardness (HRC is still above 60). High speed steel has good red hardness, and is suitable for making milling cutters, thorns and other milling cutters. It can meet the requirements of stainless steel cutting. Hardened layer, poor heat dissipation and other cutting environments. W18Cr4V is the most typical high-speed steel tool. Since its birth in 1906, it has been widely manufactured into various tools to meet the needs of cutting. However, with the continuous improvement of mechanical properties of various machining materials, W18Cr4V tool can no longer meet the machining requirements of difficult to machine materials. High performance cobalt high speed steel should be produced from time to time. Compared with ordinary high speed steel, cobalt high speed steel has better wear resistance, red hardness and service reliability. Suitable for high removal rate machining and intermittent cutting. Common brands such as W12Cr4V5Co5. 2 Carbide steel Cemented carbide is a kind of powder metallurgy, which is made of high hardness refractory metal carbide (WC, TiC) micron powder as the main component, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum as the binder, sintered in vacuum furnace or hydrogen reduction furnace. Products. Cemented carbide has good strength and toughness, heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high hardness and a series of excellent properties. It is basically unchanged at 500 ℃, and still has high hardness at 1000 ℃. It is suitable for cutting difficult to machine materials such as stainless steel and heat-resistant steel. Common cemented carbides are mainly divided into three categories: YG type (tungsten cobalt cemented carbides), YT type (tungsten titanium cobalt type), YW type (tungsten titanium tantalum (niobium) type). These three kinds of alloys have different compositions and applications. YG hardened uranium has good toughness and thermal conductivity. Large front corner can be selected, which is suitable for cutting stainless steel. Selection of cutting geometric parameters of stainless steel tools 1 Front corner: Combined with the characteristics of stainless steel, such as high strength, good toughness, and hard to cut the chip during cutting, on the premise of ensuring that the tool has sufficient strength, a large rake angle should be selected to reduce the plastic deformation of the processing object, reduce the cutting temperature and cutting force, and reduce the generation of hardened layer. 2 Caster angle ao: Increasing the back angle will reduce the friction between the machining surface and the back face, but the heat dissipation capacity and strength of the cutting edge will also be reduced. The size of the back angle depends on the cutting thickness. When the cutting thickness is large, the smaller back angle should be selected.  Primary deflection angle kr, secondary deflection angle k'r: Reducing the main deflection angle kr can increase the working length of the cutting edge, which is conducive to heat dissipation, but it will increase the radial force during cutting, which is easy to generate vibration. The value of kr is usually 50 °~90 °. If the rigidity of the machine tool is insufficient, it can be increased appropriately. The secondary deflection angle is usually k'r=9 °~15. 3 Blade inclination λ s： In order to increase the strength of the tool tip, the inclination of the blade is generally taken λ s=7°~_ - 3°。 Processing of stainless steel parts Selection of cutting fluid and cooling mode The machinability of stainless steel is poor, and there are high requirements for the cooling, lubrication, penetration, cleaning and other properties of cutting fluid. Common cutting fluids are as follows: 1 Cutting fluid: A more common cooling method, with better cooling, cleaning and lubrication performance, is commonly used for stainless steel blank cars. 2 Vulcanized oil: High melting point sulfide can be formed on the metal surface during cutting, which is not easy to be damaged under high temperature, has good lubrication effect, and has a certain cooling effect. It is generally used for drilling, reaming and tapping. 3 Mineral oil such as engine oil and spindle oil: It has good lubricating property, but poor cooling property and permeability, and is suitable for external precision turning. During the cutting process, the cutting fluid nozzle should be aligned with the cutting area, or it is better to use high-pressure cooling, spray cooling and other cooling methods. To sum up, although stainless steel has the disadvantages of poor machinability, severe work hardening, large cutting force, low thermal conductivity, easy adhesion, easy wear of tools, etc., as long as the appropriate processing method is found, the appropriate tool is used, the cutting amount of the cutting method is selected, the appropriate coolant is selected, and the problem of difficult to machine materials such as stainless steel is solved through careful thinking in the work.

Machining skills of high precision holes in cnc In order to achieve high-speed and high-precision boring, it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of tool tooth vibration on surface roughness and tool life. In order to prevent the reduction of machining accuracy and tool life, the selected machining center must be equipped with a spindle with excellent dynamic balance performance, and the selected boring cutter must also have high dynamic balance characteristics. Especially for the tooth part of the boring cutter, the geometric shape, tool material and clamping method suitable for high-speed cutting shall be selected. The R at the end of the cutting edge should be larger to improve the processing efficiency; On the premise of ensuring the same surface roughness, the feed rate should be increased. However, it should be enough to increase the feeding amount, otherwise it will increase the cutting resistance, which is not conducive to improving the processing efficiency. The edge band shall be set with a negative chamfer less than 0.1mm, which can effectively maintain the stability of the tool life. In addition to CNC precision machining holes, you can also use boring and reaming for high-precision machining of holes. With the high-speed spindle of the machining center, the boring cutter can be used for high-speed precision machining of holes. It is reported that boring on aluminum alloy materials φ When it is about 40mm, the cutting speed can be increased to more than 1500m/min. This cutting speed can also be used to machine steel, cast iron and high hardness steel with CBN sintered body as cutting edge. It is expected that high-speed boring will be rapidly popularized in the future. As for the tool material, it depends on the nature of the material being processed. For example, when processing materials such as steel below 40HRC, cermet cutters can be used. This kind of tool can obtain good surface roughness and long tool life under high speed cutting conditions of v=300 m/min. Coated carbide tools are suitable for high-speed cutting of steel below 60HRC. The tool life is stable, but the cutting speed is slightly lower than that of cermet tools. Sintered tool is suitable for processing high hardness steel, cast iron and other materials. The cutting speed can reach more than 1000m/min, and the tool life is very stable. The edge band of CBN gear should be chamfered properly, which is very beneficial to stable high-speed cutting and prolonging tool life. When cutting non-metallic materials such as nonferrous metals and aluminum alloys at ultra-high speed, diamond sintered tools can be used to ensure stable cutting and long tool life. It should be noted that when using diamond tools, the cutting edge must be chamfered, which is an important condition to ensure cutting stability.

Selection and Consideration of CNC Cutting Tools for Aluminum Parts With the improvement of people's living standards, people are more and more fond of things with metal texture, which also makes aluminum products more and more used in many industries. Compared with steel and superalloy, it is a soft metal. HRC is not hard, but it is more tough. Therefore, the requirements for tools are relatively high. If high hardness tungsten steel milling cutter is used to cut soft metal, the cutting edge will break and the tool life will be very short. It is necessary to use high-quality tools with low hardness and non stick to complete the processing. Only in this way can the knife improve the speed and efficiency of the machine. How to select machining tools for CNC aluminum parts? In aluminum alloy CNC machining, especially in small margin cutting and finishing, the cutting edge of indexable inserts is usually blunt, which often leads to the "plough" effect, and the cutting edge is easy to cut into the workpiece suddenly, resulting in a sudden increase in cutting force. The sudden increase of cutting force leads to excessive tool size and high power requirements. Due to the demand for cutting edges, the above problems are more complex. Finish machining must be carried out with a sharp tangential cutting edge. In order to ensure the metal removal rate during rough machining, the cutting edge is required to have sufficient strength. Therefore, cutting force, cutting edge penetration, chip formation, stability, and blade positioning and clamping should be considered. Machining geometry The ultimate goal of machining is to produce the best parts that meet the design or customer specific requirements. Specifications can be in the form of part thickness, bearing capacity and size. CNC machine tools can process aluminum parts of various sizes and shapes through effective tool sequencing and manipulation. Increasing production requires the use of indexable tools. This type of tool allows the operator to replace the tool blade when necessary, thus realizing multiple automatic machining of aluminum parts. CNC tool inserts with different cutting edges can be used for post-processing operations, such as polishing and grinding aluminum parts. In the NC aluminum processing environment, the performance of the tool blade depends on the shape, back angle and front angle of the blade. Processing of aluminum alloy parts Machining shape Tools for CNC aluminum parts have specific geometric shapes that affect the quality of the final product. The blades have different shapes to fit a specific CNC tool holder. Aluminum tool blades are diamond, round, triangular and square. Better part quality can be obtained by using sharp blade. For example, for high-speed surface processing of forged aluminum parts, it is better to use 30o-35o blades. High quality surface finish will be obtained by turning forged aluminum with diamond blades. On the other hand, CNC machining of cast aluminum parts will require operators to use round blades to improve quality. The surface of cast aluminum is rough. Machining with sharp tools will result in poor surface finish. The shape of the tool insert affects CNC parameters such as feed rate, cutting depth, and tool clearance. Sharper shapes will require smaller feed rates and larger tool gaps. What factors do we need to consider for machining tools? Front angle and approach angle The rake angle refers to the angle between the cutting tool tip and the clamped workpiece on the CNC machine tool. Depending on the position of the tool blade, the angle can be positive or negative. We prefer to process aluminum parts with front corners. As it is a soft metal, we must reduce cutting resistance as much as possible in the entire production process. In the process of machining, the final quality of the product will be affected due to the accumulation of chips around the tool. The positive rake angle ensures effective chip handling. It also facilitates temperature control by reducing the cutting temperature. This factor helps to provide the best processing conditions for aluminum parts and prolong the service life of the blade. CNC milling rarely depends on rake angle. This is because the approach angle defines the relationship between the position of the part and the tool on the CNC tool holder. Because of the machinability of aluminum, we use 90 degree timing. It allows our experts to perform different milling processes. These include face milling, slot milling and square shoulder milling. Diameter factor For the influence of radial cutting force, small and medium diameter tools have poor rigidity and are more prone to deflection, while large diameter tools are more stable and require different anti vibration. In addition, it is found that the feed speed is not the main factor affecting the radial cutting force. Between the different feed rates of the tool (usually 0.25 mm and 0.35 mm per tooth), the radial cutting force changes only slightly. For a typical aluminum alloy milling cutter with a diameter of 25 mm, the edge band on the blade is 1 ° and 0.1 mm wide, which perfectly matches the curved cutting edge. Release angle This parameter also defines the relationship between the tool and the workpiece clamped on the CNC machine tool. In this parameter, the tool insertion is the reference point. Like the front corner, it can be positive or negative. When machining CNC aluminum parts, whether rapid prototyping or mass production, it is recommended to use straight and back corners. The use of indexable blades allows the operator to change the rear angle. The parting angle is between 20o and 30o, which can provide better surface finish for aluminum parts. Aluminum chip breaker The accumulation of chips will hinder the high-speed machining of aluminum parts. In general, chips are viscous in nature, which poses challenges in managing the machining space on CNC surfaces. The design of chip breaking groove used in CNC machine tools largely depends on the front angle and back angle. In the mass production of CNC aluminum parts, it is recommended to use sharp and wide chip breaking grooves. The wider chip breaking groove can remove chips of various sizes.

Many times, I will encounter some aluminum alloys. If the hardness of aluminum alloy is low, it is easy to deform after processing. If some large aluminum alloy shell parts are encountered, in order to prevent deformation, deformation shall be prevented before mold opening and rough machining. Roughly open the contour structure, then flatten the front and back faces to make them vertical, and then use the machine to make the front and back faces of the light knife. If the side wall of the workpiece is very thin, it must be heat hardened before placing the machine. The thickness can also be reserved according to the structure of the workpiece. Then straighten the perpendicularity of the workpiece parallelism and brush the entire plane of the workpiece. It can also solve the problem of workpiece deformation. If it is a small workpiece, the product plane should be flush with the workbench, and there should be no gap when making the reverse side. Then you can use the reverse side to solve the problem of deformation, or you can first flatten the wool, and then use the surface as the bottom. Then use the other side as the front side, so that the workpiece can be vertical and the workpiece will not deform too much. For some thinner workpieces, it is reasonable to make side fashion clips. It is not possible to clamp the workpiece without force using the bow clamp. It is better to flatten the workpiece with a right angle iron, and then clamp the workpiece to the flat place of the right angle iron with an arch clamp. In many cases, the deformation is caused by improper clamping, Shenzhen Puffitt Precision Products Co., Ltd. has 20 years of experience in aluminum alloy CNC processing, specializing in aluminum precision parts processing, aluminum alloy shell, aluminum alloy cavity and other aluminum parts processing, high-quality surface treatment one-stop service manufacturers, according to customer needs for non-standard precision parts processing, combined with cold and hot forging, die-casting, extrusion, CNC turning and milling processing and various difficult surface treatment processes, to provide you with high-quality integrated solutions.

Precautions for obtaining better surface finish for CNC machined parts In order to obtain better CNC machining parts, we need to keep the following points in mind. Some of the main indicators appeared before we started manufacturing, such as correct size and tolerance, shape, quality of raw materials used, etc. But after the processing parts are produced, some work still needs to be done. Surface finishing: The process that helps to define and refine the overall texture (laying, roughness and waviness) of the machined part. We cannot ignore the importance of impeccable surface finish, which is particularly important in aerospace and medical applications. Scrapped parts in the finishing stage are not the expected result of the workshop. But what variables need to be considered before entering the completion phase? How can we ensure that the steps we are taking will result in a better surface finish? We have compiled a list of major surface treatment considerations to help you improve CNC machined parts. Made 1. Understand the measurement surface finish Surface finish measurement has a variety of technologies and characteristics, including profile analysis, area and microscopic examination, with a focus on the peak roughness (Ra) and its resolution (D). We need to know which technology is most suitable and can achieve the desired effect without spending a lot of effort and time. 2. Increase speed and reduce feed When machining expensive parts, be sure to always follow the correct pre-defined feeds and speeds. The correct way to handle finishing is to increase the surface feet per minute (SFM) and reduce the surface inches per revolution (IPR). Increasing the surface feet per minute (SFM) will reduce the built-up edge (BUE). This will extend tool life and reduce the possibility of catastrophic tool failure damaging the finished product. Reducing inch per revolution (IPR) will reduce side wear and extend blade life. In rough machining, it is better to use a tool that can advance to remove the material quickly. During finishing, it is better to cut deeply and keep the feed speed conservative. 3. Use chip breaker Controlling chip is the key to obtain good surface finish. The chip generated greatly hinders the whole processing process. Before touching the workpiece, control it first. We recommend that you use high-quality chip breaking groove, which can reduce the cutting pressure and make chip removal easier. In materials that produce long and thin chips, by breaking the chips into bits that are easy to fall into the cutting area, it helps the long chip string to leave the cutting area quickly and easily. 4. Increase the head radius There is a direct relationship between the blade tip radius and the final surface finish. It is true that a smaller tip radius will reduce the pressure on the tool, but it will also limit the feedrate that can be used. The blade can only be fed at half the tip radius. Once outside this range, the resulting surface resembles a thread. Therefore, use the largest radius possible to produce the best finish without chatter. A larger tip radius can also perform heavier cuts, which are necessary when cutting difficult to cut materials. However, if the tool tip radius is large, more material must be left on the workpiece to be removed in the finishing feed. 5. Use balancing tools to reduce vibration It is important to use balanced tool technology to reduce significant vibration during finishing. If your RPM is higher, this step becomes more important. 6. Use sharp blade, guide angle and positive angle There is no doubt that we need sharper blades, larger lead angles and positive rake angles to achieve better surface finish. 7. Check the tool rest and workpiece rest One factor that is often overlooked when trying to improve the surface treatment is the tool holder. If the tool holder is old and the groove used to hold the blade is worn, the blade may move. Any movement of the blade will cause chatter and poor surface finish. Improper tool fixing and chatter caused by jigs or non rigid machine tools can result in poor surface finish. Strict and stable working environment is also key. Moreover, the higher the metal removal rate, the more important the stable workpiece clamping. 8. Do not use the same tool for rough and finish machining Learn to reserve rough machining tools for rough machining and finish machining tools for finish machining. Parts can be rough machined with blades with large tip radius, large rake angle and rapid feed speed. Then, the finishing tool with the required lead angle and radius can use the smoothing edge flatness to smooth the part, thus obtaining better surface finish. The shallow depth of finish machining is good, but it must be equal to or greater than the radius. Otherwise, the blade will push the material instead of cutting, resulting in poor surface quality, edge burrs and reduced blade life. 9. Avoid pauses Unnecessary pauses and pauses can also hinder the correct completion of work. Remember that every time your tool stops moving when it comes in contact with the lathe or workpiece, it will leave traces. If this happens frequently, I suggest you change the process completely! Make every effort to ensure that your tool does not stop or hesitate during the entire cutting process. 10. Avoid lowering the centerline The best way to ensure the correct cutting process is to follow the 70:30 ratio, not the 50:50 method. The blade may be tapped along the edge of the material in the middle of the cut, which may cause burns. This may result in incorrect surface finish.

Guidelines for CNC Machining Quality Control No matter which industry, quality is a key factor, because everyone likes to buy high-quality goods. Sometimes, quality is even the foundation of an enterprise. As a qualified CNC processing supplier, we should do as follows: No matter which industry, quality is a key factor, because everyone likes to buy high-quality goods. Sometimes, quality is even the foundation of an enterprise. As a qualified CNC processing supplier, how should we control the quality? There are some tips that can help you improve quality control. 1 Check the order carefully and understand the product design After receiving the order confirmation from the customer, we need to carefully check the details of this order, such as materials, quantity, post-processing... Sometimes the order is different from the initial quotation you provided, so we need to carefully check all the details When receiving the CAD drawings of the customer's final products, our engineers and technicians will carefully analyze the product design, understand the product specifications and requirements, and propose the most cost-effective part processing scheme to save costs. Processing cost, to achieve the maximum benefit of processing products. 2 Detailed requirements for drawing review Usually, some detailed requirements, such as holes, threads, tolerances, chamfers... will be marked on the two-dimensional drawings. We need to carefully check these information before production to avoid secondary manufacturing. This saves cost and time and maintains tolerance requirements. 3 Incoming inspection Good materials can make high-quality products, so incoming inspection is very necessary and important. Inspection can help us screen out inferior raw materials, avoid product processing risks, save costs and time, and is an essential step before controlling product production. 4 Check the first piece When the first product is ready through CNC processing, we will send it to the quality control department for dimensional and visual inspection. The production department will be notified to continue production only when all indicators of the first product meet the requirements. In this way, the quality of products of the same grade and batch can be guaranteed to the greatest extent. 5 Provide final inspection, test report and certification documents After the completion of all products, we will conduct final inspection and provide inspection reports or test reports to customers. Generally speaking, products that absolutely exceed the inspection tolerance range will be directly sent to the production department for re production. Sometimes, a batch or part of products will slightly exceed the tolerance required by customers. We will send the test report to the customer and ask for their suggestions. The customer can better judge whether the product is available by comparing the test report. The above are some skills on how to control quality in CNC processing, which are also helpful in product processing. Any processing needs to follow a certain process. If you are looking for high-quality prototype and customized mechanical parts suppliers, please feel free to contact us.

The turning milling compound CNC machine tool is a typical turning milling compound center with high precision, high efficiency, high rigidity, high automation and high flexibility. The turning milling compound CNC lathe is an advanced compound lathe composed of a five axis linkage milling machining center and a dual spindle lathe. It provides a better solution for machining small parts with high precision, high quality and high complexity. With the rapid development of science and technology in the world, many products are moving towards the direction of precision, miniaturization and lightweight. Many small precision CNC machine tools often need to meet the needs of users. In the current Chinese machine tool products, there is still a lack of such precision CNC machine tools. In addition to being widely used in light industry fields such as clock and watch industry, medical equipment, automobile parts manufacturing, etc., it can also be used in aerospace, weapons, ships and other defense and military industries to process many precision special parts, such as flight control gyroscope, air to air missile inertial navigation and other zero position machines. It is a high-quality machine tool suitable for small precision and complex parts in the market. The turning milling compound machining center has no special requirements for the machine tool, but it must provide at least one Y axis movement. The rotation of the workpiece provides the milling cutter with c-axis movement to transmit the required feed speed (power). However, the cutting speed of the workpiece is measured by IPM instead of the SPM of the lathe (which means that the cutting speed of the workpiece in the turning and milling machining center is far lower than that in turning). But the y-axis movement is necessary, because the milling cutter needs to do a lot of eccentric machining. Moreover, when the tool is eccentric, the required part size cannot be machined. Because when the tool is in the center, the tool center intersects the rotation center of the part, so the tool can only use its end face to cut (that is, it cannot cut), and cannot cut. Trimming. In order to ensure that the cutting edge can cut correctly, the tool centerline must deviate from the part rotation centerline to 1/4 of the tool diameter. There are three kinds of tools that can be effectively used in turning and milling machining centers. The main reason is the use of wiper blades or blades. The end mill in turning and milling can be used for large size plane or heavy intermittent cutting. The end mill with blade is used for step milling. Integral end milling cutter is used for machining cylindrical parts, and precision milling deep grooves and narrow grooves. The scraper structure of the tool can be used to cut the deep part of the part through two of the four cutting edges of the tool, so as to achieve efficient and high-precision machining. However, with this method, problems will occur when the tool approaches both sides of the steps and grooves. At this time, after machining with eccentric tools, many fillets will be left on the part surface. In order to remove these fillets, the tool must be machined again. At this time, the tool deviation is no longer required, and the tool moves along the Y axis to the part center for processing. However, such machining allowance is not allowed in some processing steps (sometimes metal is not allowed). An unsatisfying fact in turning milling compound machining center is the shape error of machined parts. When the milling cutter is milling around the part, the part surface will inevitably form some fan-shaped traces at certain intervals. This error cannot be completely eliminated, but it can be effectively controlled with the wiper blade. A polishing blade is closely followed by other blades to make the blade slightly convex in the width direction, so that the blade just extends to the surface of the workpiece to be machined, and a new cutting surface is machined with a slight sector trace smooth.

1. Turning Turning involves firmly clamping the workpiece onto a rotating plate or spindle. When the workpiece rotates, the tool is fixed in a fixed device mounted on the moving sliding piece. The slider can move up and down along the length of the workpiece, or close to or away from the centerline. This simple operation is very suitable for rapid removal of large amounts of material. In addition, the drill installed on the tailstock of the lathe can drill accurate holes; The lathe is used to form a concentric shape on the outer circumference of a circular part; Grooves, ring grooves, step shoulders, internal and external threads, cylinders, and shafts are manufactured on a lathe - many circular or circular features. 2. Milling The fundamental difference in milling is that the workpiece remains stationary while the cutting tool rotates on the spindle. The workpiece is normally fixed horizontally in the machine vise and mounted on a table moving in the X and Y directions. The spindle can accommodate multiple tools and move along the X, Y, and Z axes. Milling cutters are used to make squares/planes, notches, chamfers, channels, profiles, keyways, and other features that depend on precise cutting angles. As with all metalworking operations, cutting fluids are used to cool workpieces and cutting tools, lubricate and wash away metal particles or chips. 3. EDM Solid EDM is used to create pits, holes, and square features on hardened tool steel that are difficult, if not impossible, to manufacture in any other way. It is commonly used in injection and die-casting molds, but rarely used in finished products. EDM is also used to make textured surfaces or recessed (sunken) letters and logos on molds. 4. Grinding Grinding to create a very flat surface on a metal part is important for many applications, and the best way to create such a precise surface is to use a grinder. The grinder is covered with abrasive particles with specific roughness

I. Machining process of parts The main content of the part machining process is in the modern society. Generally, the machining of parts is carried out in the way of numerical control. Therefore, when machining parts, it is necessary to first understand the relevant processing technology, develop a suitable processing plan, and deepen the discussion and analysis of the part numerical control processing process. First of all, when machining parts, it is necessary to select a suitable CNC machine tool, operate on the CNC machine tool, and determine what the processing procedure is. Then, make a suitable machining plan for NC machining of parts, analyze the drawings of the machined parts, process the precision parts and adopt appropriate machining technology. In the machining of parts, the most important thing is to design the processing technology of parts, which is related to the quality of parts. We should clarify the process steps of parts processing, and confirm the selection of benchmarks, processing tools, fixtures, devices, processing strategies and process parameters to formulate the most suitable processing technology. In addition, we should compile and check the NC programming program of part machining, control the programming error, and improve the programming quality and efficiency. The characteristics of part machining process The machining of parts is generally carried out in the way of numerical control, so it is inevitable to have the characteristics of numerical control processing, and also has its own characteristics. (1) NC machining of parts requires the content of processing technology to be meticulous and detailed. When NC machining parts, a NC machining plan will be prepared in advance, and then the operation will be carried out on the NC machine tool, including the processing program, the selected tool, the processing method and the corresponding processing parameters. These requirements require a detailed and detailed plan when machining parts. The plan will be analyzed, and finally the processing program of the parts will be formed. (2) The CNC machining process of parts is required to be strict and accurate. The mechanical processing technology of parts adopts the form of numerical control processing, which makes the precision and quality of parts processing higher, and the processing process does not require too many people, saving manpower. But on the other hand, the reduction of human intervention makes it impossible to manually adjust parts if problems occur in the processing process. Therefore, the level of mechanical numerical control processing technology of parts is set closely and accurately, There should be no small error. Because of the error, it is likely that the processing technology will not meet the specification and the parts will be discarded, resulting in mechanical accidents. (3) In the process of mechanical NC processing of parts, mathematical calculation shall be carried out for the part graphics and the set value of the programmed size. Because the machining of parts is in the form of numerical control, programming design shall be carried out before machining, the size of parts shall be in geometric form, and the size of parts shall be calculated mathematically. Therefore, optimization design of parts shall be carried out from all aspects during programming. Second, analysis of the design principles of machining process of parts The principle for selecting the positioning datum The positioning datum refers to the surface of the relative position of the part to the machine tool and the cutter when the machining of the part is stopped, while the part uses the most original surface that has not been processed during the initial processing. This is the coarse datum. If the positioning datum that has been processed is used after the initial processing, this is the fine datum. Then, when machining parts, what appearance should be selected as the positioning benchmark, which requires caution when machining parts. What kind of positioning datum to choose will affect the quality of parts processing and the complexity of machine tool fixture construction. What are the principles for selecting the coarse and fine benchmarks? The selection of rough datum shall follow the principle of selecting rough datum. When machining parts, ensure that the materials are sufficient, the machining surface has sufficient allowance, and the size and position of the machined surface of the part that is not machined shall meet the requirements of the machining drawing. If the coarse datum is selected, it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the part is convenient for positioning, clamping and processing, and the selected fixture is as simple as possible. When selecting the rough base, the machined surface and the non machined surface must be confirmed. There must be accurate location selection. Generally, the non machined surface is used as the rough base. When selecting the rough datum, the general purpose is to meet the requirement that the allowance after rough machining of important surfaces is small and average. When selecting the rough datum, the position error of the rough datum should be evenly distributed on the rough surface, and the rough datum should be as flat and intact as possible without gaps, which is conducive to setting the position. When selecting the precision base, follow the principle of selecting the precision base. First, check whether the precision base plane can be easily positioned and clamped for processing. If a certain surface is selected as the precision base, the positioning method of the selected surface can be used uniformly to improve the processing efficiency when selecting other surfaces. Therefore, be careful when positioning the precision surface. The precision datum adopts the principle of precise coincidence, even if the unified positioning principle is used to position and finish other surfaces. The principle for selecting the processing method of part appearance: For different part appearances, different part processing requirements, part construction characteristics, data properties, etc., the corresponding processing method shall be selected to process the part appearance. When confirming the part processing method, it is generally to confirm the final processing method of the part first, and then deduce and confirm the processing method of the previous process from the back to the front. (1) Principle of economic applicability When processing parts, first analyze the processing economy of the processing method, that is, analyze the selection of equipment, process, technicians, and processing time, that is, confirm the processing applicability, confirm the processing accuracy range, and the accuracy range should be compatible with the accuracy requirements and surface roughness requirements of the part surface processing, so as to ensure that the processed parts meet the requirements. (2) Principle of matching production type Different processing methods should be selected for different production types. High efficiency machine tools and advanced processing methods are often used for mass production, while the production methods of ordinary machine tools and conventional processing methods are generally used for parts produced in small batches. (3) Matching principle of processing method The processing method selected for mechanical processing of parts shall match with the shape accuracy and position accuracy of the machined surface, adapt to the part data, and adapt to the existing equipment conditions and workers' technical level. It is required to analyze the problems in detail, process according to the processing requirements and existing materials, and do not blindly match to cause processing failure.

The aluminum alloy extrusion process involves forcing the aluminum alloy through the die. Because demand has been increasing for many years, it is useful for product design and manufacturing. Products made by this process have many applications. The industries benefiting include automobile, aerospace, electronics and construction. The following is a process guide for the steps and types of finishes that can be achieved. What is the aluminum alloy extrusion process? Preparation of extrusion die First, we use H13 steel to process round moulds. Or, if we have a mold that fits your specifications, we can use it. This can even save the preparation time required to make one. Then, before extruding, we preheat the mold to about 450 to 500 degrees. This will help extend the service life of the mold and ensure a uniform flow of metal. After preheating, we load the extruder to start. Extrusion CNC processing: Preheating of aluminum billet The billet is a cylindrical solid aluminum alloy block. We cut it from a long section of alloy log. We preheat it to 400 to 500 degrees Celsius in the oven. This gives it sufficient ductility for extrusion. However, we did not reach the melting state to protect the equipment. Extrusion transfer to blank We mechanically transfer the preheated blanks to the extruder. This is after the use of release agents or lubricants. It prevents the plunger from sticking to the blank. Pressing to push the blank into the container Once loaded into the press, the hydraulic cylinders push the malleable billets. It does this by applying pressure of up to 15000 tons. This forces the material to expand and fit into the vessel wall. The appearance of material extruded by die When the container is filled, the material is pressed against the extrusion die. Continuous pressure forces the aluminum material through the mold opening. This is because it has no other escape route. Therefore, it will appear after fully forming the opening shape of the mold. Guide extrusion together with quenching jump table Aluminum alloy extrusion Once the aluminum extrusion comes out of the mold, a puller will grasp it and guide it along the runout table. However, the speed must match the exit speed of the press. The ratio depends on the profile difficulty, wall thickness, part weight and aluminum alloy selection. When the extrusion moves along the worktable, we use a water bath or a fan to uniformly quench it. Shear the extrusion at the table length We cut the extrusion after reaching the entire table length. The hot saw does this to separate it from the extrusion process. However, even after quenching, the extrusion is not cool enough for further processing. This requires an additional step. Cool extrusion at room temperature We transfer the cutting part to the cooling table. Here, the profile is cooled to room temperature. This will allow the extrusion to be stretched later. Move and Stretch Stretch Alignment The extrusion process sometimes causes the profile to twist naturally. This must be corrected because it may affect the functionality of the product. We use stretchers to complete the task. We mechanically grasp the ends of the profile and pull it until it is completely straight. We do this in order to meet the specifications. Move profile to complete sawing length This is the last step after realizing straight bench length extrusion. At Wemmitt, we saw a predetermined length. It is usually between 7 and 22 feet long. The extrusions at this stage are matched with T4 tempering. However, we can age them in the oven to reach the temperature of T5 or T6. Surface treatment of extruded aluminum products heat treatment This occurs after the extrusion is completed. We use it to enhance the properties of extrusion materials. The yield stress and tensile strength belong to these profiles. The oven accelerates the aging process to make the aluminum material reach T5 or T6 state. surface treatment This step is mainly to enhance the appearance and corrosion resistance of aluminum. Anodizing and other finishes will thicken the oxide layer of metal. It makes the metal more wear-resistant, improves the surface emissivity, and provides a porous surface, which is easier to accept dyes.