"Internet + manufacturing" is an important topic in the transformation of all traditional manufacturing industries. Germany proposed industry 4.0, the United States proposed advanced manufacturing as a national strategy, and China proposed "made in China 2025". All this shows that if the manufacturing industry can not be networked, there is no way out.
Recently, Haier was once again written into the case library by Harvard Business School, and was praised by Harvard teachers and students. In fact, this shows that Haier's exploration represents a direction, that is, the path of transformation to the Internet that all large enterprises in the world are looking for. In terms of "Internet + manufacturing", Haier's exploration is an interconnected factory. However, it can not be simply understood as "machine replacement", nor is it an intelligent factory. Instead, it wants to create an ecosystem, and the whole system and process of the enterprise should be subverted.
Specifically, this kind of subversion focuses on three aspects: the first is the subversion of enterprises, that is, the subversion of enterprises from traditional pyramid hierarchical organizations to platform organizations; The second is to subvert the concept of customers, that is, from customers to users, to meet the personalized needs of users; The third is the subversion of employees, from the original employers and executors to entrepreneurs and partners. This subversion can be summed up as Haier's three modernizations: enterprise platform, user personalization and employee maker.
These changes are not whether enterprises want to change, but the Internet will make you change. Because the traditional times are unilateral markets, as long as the products are made, people will buy them, and the collection of the products will end. The Internet era is a two-sided market, which requires not customers to pay for products, but user traffic. This requires enterprises to break the traditional bureaucratic system and become platform enterprises.
Therefore, enterprises that adapt to the Internet age must be: decentralized, that is, the leaders and superiors of enterprises are not the center, but the user is the center; To disintermediate means to remove the "middle layer" and remove all departments that specifically evaluate employees. After this change, there are only three types of people in Haier: platform owners, microenterprise owners and makers. The platform owner is to provide platform resources for entrepreneurs, the microenterprise owner is the entrepreneurial team, and the former employees should be transformed into makers.
When it comes to user personalization, we should first change a concept: customers and users are different. There is a saying in the traditional era that "payment is the end of sales". But in the Internet age, payment should be the beginning of sales. Users not only buy things, but also participate in front-end design. To achieve this, the factory must become an interconnected factory to meet the personalized needs of users.
Therefore, the factory must first become a "black light factory". Haier's four factories do not have electric lights and do not need heating equipment because there are no people in them. After the social personalized needs are met, what is needed is virtual design and intelligent manufacturing. At this time, there is no need for manual introduction in the workshop.
Now, the process from design to manufacturing and packaging of customized products can be sent to Haier's mobile phones to fully realize "visualization", which is also the "Transparent Factory" Haier is doing. At present, the amount of personalized customization is not large. When 100000 users put forward 100000 demands, what we need to do is not to be able to make 100000 different products, but to use the interaction of the user circle to achieve a more centralized model in the end. It doesn't matter whether it is a new product.
Germany's measurement standard for Industry 4.0 is "two-dimensional strategy": the horizontal axis is the enterprise value, which is how much the financial statements can be improved; The vertical axis is the value of the whole value chain, and benefits from upstream to downstream. Haier's "two-dimensional strategy" for exploring the Internet factory is slightly different. The horizontal axis is also the enterprise value, but the vertical axis should be the value of personalized customization. We must bring greater user value, and only in this way can we bring greater value to the enterprise.
The current global Internet development trend is just like the philosophy of affirmation, negation, negation of negation. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, small industrial workshops produced and sold themselves. Later, it became mass production and production and marketing were separated. However, the Internet age has returned to self-produced and self sold, that is, after the user's demand comes, the factory can immediately manufacture.
Some people say that connected factories may subvert e-commerce. This is not the ultimate goal. The ultimate goal is that everyone is a producer and consumer. For example, a 3D printer is both a producer and a consumer. For example, using solar energy to generate electricity and transmit it to the power grid is both a producer and a consumer.
Economics believes that there is no value without exchange. However, when the Internet develops to a later stage, this theory will be subverted. By then, people will be pursuing shared value.
