The wear resistance of machine tool parts is mainly related to the material, heat treatment and lubrication conditions of the parts themselves. After these conditions are determined, it also depends on the surface quality of parts to a certain extent.
Because there are peaks and valleys on the machined part surface, the mating surfaces only contact at the top of some peaks, and the actual contact area is far smaller than the theoretical contact area. Therefore, when machine tool parts are subjected to force, the actual pressure of the contact part is very large. When they move relatively, the machine tool will produce elastic deformation, plastic deformation and shear fracture at the contact, resulting in mutual crushing and breaking between the peaks, resulting in a large amount of wear, and gradually losing the original size and shape accuracy.
The direction of machining marks on the surface of parts also has a significant impact on the wear resistance. Under the condition of light load and sufficient lubrication of the machine tool, when the two matching machining traces have the same direction, their wear amount is small. For example, the crankshaft diameter and the bearing bush machining trace have the same direction, and when working under the condition of sufficient lubrication, the wear resistance is better. Under the condition that the heavy-duty fork is not fully lubricated, when the machining trace method of the two mating surfaces is vertical, the wear amount is small. For example, the machine tool guide rail and the saddle work under the boundary friction condition, and their machining traces should be perpendicular to each other. Therefore, for important parts of machine tools that cooperate with each other, the machining trace direction of the final process should be specified.
