Composition of CNC lathe structure schematic diagram of CNC lathe structure

There are many kinds of CNC lathes, but they are generally composed of three parts: lathe body, CNC device and servo system.

 Lathe body
1. Spindle and headstock
The rotation accuracy of the spindle of CNC lathe has a great influence on the accuracy of machining parts, and its power and rotation speed also have a certain impact on the machining efficiency. If the spindle box of CNC lathe is a CNC lathe with level automatic speed regulation function, the transmission structure of its spindle box has been simplified. For the reformed CNC lathe with dual functions of manual operation and automatic control processing, basically the original headstock is still being retained.

2. Guide rail
The guide rail of CNC lathe provides guarantee for feeding movement. To a large extent, it will have a certain impact on the rigidity, accuracy and stability of the lathe at low speed feed, which is also one of the important factors affecting the quality of parts processing. In addition to some CNC lathes using the traditional sliding guide rail, CNC lathes that have been finalized for production have adopted more plastic coated guide rails.

3. Mechanical transmission mechanism
In addition to some gear transmission mechanisms in the spindle box, the CNC lathe has made some simplification on the basis of the original ordinary lathe transmission chain. The change gear box, feed box, slide box and most of its transmission mechanisms are cancelled, but only the longitudinal and transverse screw transmission mechanisms are retained, and a gear pair (not added in a few lathes) that can eliminate its side clearance is added between the driving motor and the lead screw.

Numerical control device
In the field of numerical control machine tools, numerical control device is the core of machine tools. It mainly receives the numerical control processing program sent by the input device from the internal memory, compiles it through the circuit or software of the numerical control device, and outputs control information and instructions after calculation and processing, so as to control the work of each part of the machine tool, so that it can carry out orderly movement.

 Servo system
The servo system includes two aspects: one is the servo unit, and the other is the driving device.
Servo unit is the link between CNC and lathe. It can amplify the weak signal in CNC device to form the signal of high-power driving device. The servo unit can be divided into pulse type and analog type according to the received instructions.
Drive decoration is to program the CNC signal expanded by the servo unit into mechanical motion, drive the lathe through simple connecting parts, make the workbench accurately locate the relative motion of the trajectory, and finally process the required products according to the requirements.