Application of CNC Turning Parts in the Aerospace Industry
2025-07-31
The application of CNC turned parts in the aerospace industry is primarily reflected in the following key areas, supporting improvements in aircraft safety and performance through ultra-high precision and specialized material processing technologies:
1. Core Engine Components
Turbine Blades/Blisks: Using five-axis simultaneous turning technology to machine nickel-based alloys (such as Inconel 718), blade profile accuracy reaches ±0.005mm and cooling hole position error ≤0.01mm, significantly improving engine thrust-to-weight ratio.
Compressor Shafts: Using a combined turning and milling process, slender shafts made of titanium alloy (TC4) are machined with straightness controlled to within 0.02mm/m, preventing dynamic balance issues during high-speed rotation.
2. Airframe Structural Parts
Landing Gear Actuator: Using CBN tools to machine ultra-high-strength steel (such as 300M), surface hardness reaches over HRC55, increasing fatigue life by three times.
Avionics Compartment Connector Ring: Thin-walled aluminum alloy parts are turned to a wall thickness tolerance of ±0.05mm, with an online measurement system providing real-time deformation compensation.
3. Fuel and Hydraulic Systems
Fuel Nozzle: Micron-level turning (Ra 0.2μm) combined with electrolytic deburring ensures uniform fuel atomization and reduces fuel consumption by 8%.
Titanium Alloy Pipeline: Ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning eliminates vibration during thin-walled pipe machining, increasing burst pressure by 15%.
4. Special Process Breakthroughs
Composite Bushings: Diamond-coated tools are used in turning carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) to reduce the delamination defect rate from 12% to below 2%.
High-Temperature Alloy Machining: Low-temperature cooling technology is used in turning GH4169 material, extending tool life by 40% and improving cutting efficiency by 25%.
Technical Challenges and Developments
Precision Limits: Dimensional stability in titanium alloy turning using domestic machine tools still lags behind internationally advanced levels by 30%, and spindle thermal deformation compensation technology remains a work in progress.
Intelligent Upgrades: For example, the Airbus A350 production line has implemented digital twin optimization of turning parameters, achieving a 92% accuracy rate in predicting machining errors.
The aerospace industry is currently promoting the integration of turning technology and additive manufacturing. For example, GE Aviation has achieved an integrated processing model combining 3D printed blanks with precision turning.