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Home - News - Analyze the surface treatment of aluminum, steel, copper, iron and other hardware parts after machining

Analyze the surface treatment of aluminum, steel, copper, iron and other hardware parts after machining

November 24, 2022

Hardware surface treatment is a process to artificially form a surface layer on the surface of the base material that is different from the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the base material. The purpose of surface treatment is to meet the requirements of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, decoration or other special functions of products. For metal castings, we usually use mechanical grinding, chemical treatment, surface heat treatment, and spraying surface treatment. Surface treatment is to clean, clean, deburr, remove oil stains, and scale on the workpiece surface.

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1. Manual processing
Such as scraper, wire brush or grinding wheel. Rust and oxide skin on the surface of workpiece can be removed manually, but manual treatment is characterized by high labor intensity, low production efficiency, poor quality and incomplete cleaning.

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2. Chemical treatment
It mainly uses acidic or alkaline solutions to react with oxides and oil stains on the surface of the workpiece, so that they can be dissolved in acidic or alkaline solutions, so as to remove rust, oxide skin and oil stains on the surface of the workpiece. It can be achieved by cleaning with nylon brush rolls or 304 # stainless steel wire (steel wire brush rolls made of acid and alkali resistant solutions). Chemical treatment is suitable for cleaning thin plates.


3. Mechanical treatment
It mainly includes wire brush roll polishing method, shot blasting method and shot blasting method. Polishing method means that the brush roller, driven by the motor, rotates at high speed on the upper and lower surfaces of the strip in the opposite direction to the movement of the rolled piece to remove the scale. The brushed iron oxide scale shall be flushed out with a closed circulating cooling water flushing system. Shot blasting cleaning is a method that uses centrifugal force to accelerate the shot to the workpiece for rust removal and cleaning. However, due to the poor flexibility of shot blasting and the limitation of the site, there is some blindness in cleaning the workpiece, and it is easy to produce dead corners on the inner surface of the workpiece that cannot be cleaned. The equipment structure is complex, and there are many vulnerable parts, especially the blades and other parts, which wear quickly, have many maintenance hours, high costs, and large one-time investment.

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The surface is treated by shot peening, which has great impact and obvious cleaning effect. However, the processing of shot peening on thin sheet workpiece is easy to deform the workpiece, and the steel shot strikes the workpiece surface (no matter shot blasting or shot peening), which will deform the metal substrate. Since Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 have no plasticity, they will peel after being broken, and the oil film will deform with its material, so shot blasting and shot peening cannot completely remove the oil stain on the workpiece with oil stain. Among the existing surface treatment methods for workpieces, the best cleaning effect is sand blasting. Sand blasting is applicable to the cleaning of workpiece surface with high requirements. However, the current general sand blasting equipment in our country is mostly composed of original heavy sand conveying machinery such as hinge, scraper, and No. 1 elevator. The user needs to build a deep pit and make a waterproof layer to install machinery. The construction cost is high, the maintenance workload and maintenance cost are huge, and a large amount of silica dust generated in the sand blasting process cannot be removed, which seriously affects the health of operators and pollutes the environment.
The sand suction machine is often used as a sand conveying machine in foreign countries. In fact, the sand suction machine is a super large vacuum cleaner, which connects the hopper with the sand suction machine by using a thick conveying pipe to suck the sand into the storage tank. The characteristics of the sand suction machine are that the construction difficulty and technology are simpler than the bucket elevator, and it is easy to control and requires less maintenance. However, the power consumption is large. At present, there are several domestic manufacturers specializing in making sand suction machines, However, the technology is relatively immature, so most surface treatment enterprises mainly use bucket elevators.


When selecting sand conveying equipment and dust removal equipment, factories that need shot blasting process must take full account of the actual production situation, and try to select equipment with higher power than that required for production. Since equipment in shot blasting industry generally consumes faster, after long-term use, this or that kind of problems will affect production, and selecting equipment with higher power will greatly reduce the time and cost wasted in future maintenance. Insufficient power of dedusting equipment not only damages workers' health, but also seriously affects the visibility of sand blasting room. If the dust cannot be discharged, it also affects the quality of sand itself and the surface roughness of the workpiece.
The manual sand blasting room should be designed according to the actual situation, which is relatively spacious compared with the space for containing the workpiece. It should not be too restrained, or it will affect the manual operation of workers. At the same time, the lighting conditions must be good. For dry areas, sand blasting can be carried out outdoors.

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4. Plasma treatment
Plasma, also known as plasma, is an aggregate composed of positively charged positive particles and negative particles (including positive ions, negative ions, electrons, free radicals and various active groups), in which positive charges and negative charges have equal electric quantities, so it is called plasma, which is the fourth state of matter except solid, liquid and gas states - plasma state.
The plasma surface processor is composed of a plasma generator, a gas transmission pipeline, a plasma nozzle and other parts. The plasma generator generates high pressure and high frequency energy to generate low-temperature plasma in the glow discharge activated and controlled in the nozzle steel pipe. The plasmon is sprayed to the workpiece surface with compressed air. When the plasma meets the surface of the treated object, object changes and chemical reactions occur.